Theora
Theora is our video codec, based on the VP3 codec donated by On2 Technologies. We've refined and extended it, giving it the same future scope for encoder improvement Vorbis has. See http://theora.org/ for more information.
Features
Features available in the Theora format (and a comparison to VP3 and MPEG-4 ASP):
- block-based motion compensation
- 8x8 Type-II Discrete Cosine Transform
- free-form variable bit rates (VBR)
- adaptive in-loop deblocking applied to the edges of the coded blocks (not existing in MPEG-4 ASP)
- block sizes down to 8x8 (MPEG-4 ASP supports normally only 16x16)
- 384 8x8 custom quantization matrices: intra/inter, luma/chroma and even each quant (more than VP3 and MPEG-4 ASP/AVC)
- adaptive entropy encoding (MPEG-4 ASP does'nt support adaptivity)
- 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma subsampling formats (VP3 and MPEG-4 ASP only support 4:2:0)
- 8 bits per pixel per color channel
- multiple reference frames (not possible in MPEG-4 ASP)
- pixel aspect ratio (eg for anamorphic signalling/playback)
- non-linear scaling of quants values (as done in MPEG-4 AVC)
- adaptive quantisation down to the block level (as possible in MPEG-4 ASP/AVC)
- intra frames (I-Frames in MPEG), inter frames (P-Frames), but no B-Frames (as supported in MPEG-4 ASP/AVC)
- HalfPixel Motion Search Precision (MPEG-4 ASP/AVC supports HalfPixel or QuarterPixel)
- technologies used already in Vorbis (decoder setup configuration, bitstream headers...) not available in VP3
Note that not all of these features are already implemented in the reference encoder/decoder.
Status
- Alpha 5 is the latest release.
- Beta 1 will be the next release.
- The bitstream format was frozen in Theora alpha 3: every file created with this encoder (and, of course, later encoders) will be playable with future decoders.
Development
More information
- TheoraHardware: List of hardware-players supporting Ogg Theora
- TheoraSoftwarePlayers: List of media players that can play Ogg Theora
- TheoraDecoders: List of decoders
- TheoraEncoders: List of encoders
- List of Theora videos: Get some files to see what the codec's like
External links
- Theora homepage
- Theora documentation daily builds
- Wikipedia: Theora
- VP3 homepage: The homepage of the codec Theora is based on
- On2 Technologies: The authors of VP3
- Ogg Theora Information on Doom9 Forum
- HOWTO: Rip DVD to Theora using Linux