XiphWiki - User contributions [en]

User:EPirat

2026-02-04T14:52:51Z

EPirat:

Hey, I'm ePirat (on Git commits my full name is Marvin Scholz)

I am mostly active on the Icecast Project, did the Website overhaul (not the Design itself) and also upgraded the Xiph Wiki to a recent version, see [[XiphWiki:Features]] for more information about this.

Best ways to contact me are either my Wiki Talk Page or IRC (on Libera Chat).

VorbisStreams

2026-01-17T14:07:34Z

EPirat: /* Automatically updated stream directories */

These links usually point to the page with instructions on how to listen to a stream, not to the station's main homepage. We don't link directly to the stream because they tend to move around, because the stations like having people visit their websites, and this way you can compare Vorbis with the other legacy proprietary codecs many of these stations still use.

== Automatically updated stream directories ==

* [http://dir.xiph.org/ Icecast directory], The official xiph.org stream directory.

* <del>[http://www.musicgoal.com/stations/application-ogg/ Musicgoal], Provides a directory of Ogg Vorbis streams.</del>

* <del>[http://radio.indymedia.org/ Radio Indymedia], Promotes open-publishing with an aggregated stream list. Identifies Ogg Vorbis streams.</del>

== Live streams ==

* [http://mmrmedia.xs4all.nl/backlash/ BBR] Backstreet Backlash Records, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

* [http://www.bermudafunk.org/ Bermudafunk] Independent radio for the Rhein/Neckar-region, Germany.

* [http://www.hot.ee/bluegrassradio/ BlueGrassRadio 108] 24h Bluegrass & Related Music - Tallinn, Estonia

* [http://syntag.net/brasill/ Brazillbient Lounge] easy listening for punk rockers.

* [http://www.rozhlas.cz/audio/vysilani/ Český Roz&zwj;hlas] three public-radio channels, Czech Republic.

* [http://www.cjsw.com/listen.html CJSW] University of Calgary student radio, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

* [http://www.danceradio.cz DANCE RADIO CZ] dance radio channels, Czech Republic.

* [http://www.dradio.de/wir/ogg Deutschlandradio] - Germany's nationwide public radio, broadcasting three channels: Deutschlandfunk (news, politics), DeutschlandRadio Kultur (culture, classical music), DRadio Wissen (science)

* [http://edgefm.com.au/ Edge FM] 102.1 FM contemporary music from seventies to current, Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia.

* [http://ebmradio.de EBM Radio] futurepop and industrial music, Germany.

* [http://www.fsk-hh.org/livestream Freies Sender Kombinat (FSK)] non-commercial grassroots radio, Hamburg, Germany.

* [http://radio.full-vibes.com/ FullVibes] underground techno, hardtek, breakbeat, jungle, and drumnbass radio.

* [http://www.hbr1.com/ HBR1] music on Futurenet, Germany.

* [http://www.radiohertz.de/beta-site/livestream/ Hertz 87,9] College Radio, University of Bielefed, Germany.

* [http://kalx.berkeley.edu/ KALX-FM] University of California, College Radio, Berkeley, California, USA.

* [http://www.kdvs.org/ KDVS-FM] Freeform radio, Davis, California, USA.

* [http://www.kohina.com/ Kohina] plays soundtracks of C64 and Atari games.

* [http://www.kpcw.org/listen KPCW-FM] community radio news and talk, Park City, Utah, USA.

* [http://www.krcl.org/listenlive.htm KRCL-FM] community radio, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

* [http://www.radio1190.org/netcast.html KVCU-AM] Radio 1190, Independent Music, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

* [http://lora924.de/?page_id=7853 LORA München] talk radio, Munich, Germany.

* [http://www.m945.de/ M94.5] student radio, Munich, Germany.

* [http://magnatune.com/info/faq_streaming Magnatune] stream of the Magnatune label music library, requires subscription fee, Berkeley, California, USA.

* [http://www.omroepvenray.nl/ Omroep Venray] local public radio station, Venray, Netherlands.

* [http://loudcity.com/stations/party107/files/show/listen.html Party107] 100% commercial-free Internet radio, Nixa, Missouri, USA.

* [http://www.helsinki.at/ Radio Helsinki] freeform and variety music, Graz, Austria.

* [http://www.sky-radio.fm/ Sky Radio] Russian-language popular radio station, Estonia.

* [http://tilos.hu/ Tilos Radio] public non-mainstream radio in Budapest, Hungary.

* [http://www.urgent.fm/ URGent Radio] student radio, Gent, Vlaanderen, Belgium.

* [http://urn1350.net/listenlive URN 1350-AM] student radio, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

* [http://stream.wbai.org/ WBAI-FM] part of the Pacifica Foundation, community radio, New York, New York, USA.

* [http://www.wbur.org/listen/ WBUR-FM] public radio news and talk, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

* [http://www.wcbn.org/listen.html WCBN-FM] University of Michigan student radio, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

* [http://www.wclv.com/page.php?pageID=64 WCLV-FM] classical music, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

* [http://theclassicalstation.org/internet.shtml WCPE-FM] classical music, Wake Forest, North Carolina, USA.

* [http://www.wfmu.org/ssaudionet.shtml WFMU-FM] freeform radio, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA.

* [http://wknc.org/listen.php WKNC-FM] North Carolina State University student radio, North Carolina, USA.

* [http://wrct.org/ WRCT-FM] Carnegie Mellon University student radio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

* [http://wscafm.org/ WSCA-FM] community radio, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA.

* [http://wsia.fm WSIA-FM] CUNY student radio, Staten Island, New York, New York, USA.

* [http://www.wuml.org/webcast.php WUML-FM] college radio, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.

* [http://www.wxdu.org/listen/index.html WXDU-FM] Duke University student radio, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

* [http://www.wxyc.org/listen/online WXYC-FM] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill student radio, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

== Discontinued streams ==

These streams are no longer working; they are mentioned for historical interest.

* [http://support.bbc.co.uk/ogg/ BBC test stream] offline since 2003-01-03.

* [http://radioqualia.va.com.au/freeradiolinux/ Free radio Linux] speech synthesizer reading the Linux source code, offline since mid-2004.

* [http://www.liberationradio.net/ San Francisco Liberation Radio] was forcibly taken offline by the United States Marshalls and FCC on 2003-10-25.

* [http://www.sluchaj.com/ Radio Słuchaj] Poland. offline since 2006-12-31

* [http://www.cbc.ca/listen/ogg.html CBC Radio One & Two] public radio, Toronto, Canada.

* [http://fm4.amd.co.at/ FM4] Unofficial stream of FM4 Austria - offline since 2010

[[Category:Vorbis]]

Games that use Vorbis

2026-01-17T14:04:50Z

EPirat: Fix colors for dark mode in some newer themes.

The following games use [[Vorbis]], most frequently for their in-game music or sound effects:

* All Games By [http://www.reflexive.com/index.php?CAT=Search&SEARCH=dev%3AReflexive+Entertainment&PAGE=GameList Reflexive Entertainment].

* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/007-nightfire 007: Nightfire]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for background soundtrack.

* [http://www.asciisector.net/ Ascii Sector]: Space combat/exploration/trading game. Uses Ogg Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.ageofconan.com/ Age of Conan — Hyborian Adventures]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for all audio.

* [http://www.americasarmy.com/ America’s Army]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for main theme.

* [http://www.amnesiagame.com/ Amnesia: The Dark Descent]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for all audio.

* [http://assault.cubers.net/ AssaultCube]: A free fast paced first-person shooter with little hardware requirements for Windows, Linux and OS X. Uses Ogg Vorbis for all game sounds and music.

* [http://www.lionhead.com/bw2/ Black & White 2]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.pyrogon.com/games/candycruncher/ Candy Cruncher]: This cute puzzle game from Brian Hook’s company, Pyrogon, uses Vorbis for the addictive music you hear while you race the clock.

* [http://www.callofcthulhu.com/ Call of Cthulhu] is a first-person horror game that combines intense action and adventure elements. It uses Ogg Vorbis for music and speech.

* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/catechumen Catechumen] is a Christian-themed FPS that uses Ogg Vorbis.

* [http://www.civilization5.com/ Civilization V] is a turn-based strategy game that uses Ogg Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.atari.com/crashday/ Crashday]: Stunt racing game, developed by independent German studio Moon Byte. Uses Ogg Vorbis for music.

* [http://buenavistagames.go.com/product/chickenLittlePC.html Chicken Little]: Adventure game for children inspired by the motion picture in PC edition uses Vorbis for dialogs and music. (not sure if sound effects too)

* [http://www.cossacks2.de/ Cossacks 2]: “Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars” is a sequel of “Cossacks: European Wars”. Ogg Vorbis 1.0 files are in \data\music\

* [http://www.darwinia.co.uk/ Darwinia]: The second title from Indy developer Introversion Software. Darwinia is a stylized retro — Tron meets Cannon Fodder. It uses Vorbis for all in game sound effects and music.

* [http://www.introversion.co.uk/defcon/ DEFCON]: The third title from Introversion Software. Uses Vorbis for music, effects, everything, like Darwinia.

* [http://devilmaycry.com/ Devil May Cry 4] (for the PC, at least): Uses (occasionally multichannel) Ogg Vorbis for ingame and cutscene music.

* [http://www.eidos.co.uk/gss/dxiw/ Deus Ex: Invisible War] by Ion Storm/Eidos: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music and voice (and possibly for sound fx too).

* [http://diablo3.com Diablo III] uses Vorbis for audio.

* [http://www.idsoftware.com/games/doom/doom3/ DOOM 3]: The latest version of this famous first person shooter game from id software uses Vorbis for the theme music as well as their ambient and game sounds.

* [http://mobygames.com/game/sheet/p,3/gameId,6505/ Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project]: This game from 3D Realms was released in 2002 and used Vorbis for their music. (Official website is down, using Mobygames link)

* [http://www.popcap.com/games/free/dynomite Dynomite]: Puzzle Bobble/Bust A Move clone for Windows by PopCap Games, with mouse control. Uses Ogg Vorbis for nearly all sound effects.

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschalon:_Book_I Eschalon]: A classic-style roleplaying game, for Windows, Mac, and Linux. Music is in ''Ogg Vorbis'' format.

* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/enclave/ Enclave] by Starbreeze/Black Label Games: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music (and possibly for sound fx and voice too).

* [http://www.eve-online.com EVE Online] by CCP Games, the Icelandic-homed space-based single-shard persistent world game uses Ogg Vorbis for its music.

* [http://www.lionhead.com/fabletlc/ Fable: The Lost Chapters]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music and cutscenes (Ancient libVorbis version, 1.0 RC2).

* [http://farcry.ubi.com/ FarCry] by Crytek: uses Ogg Vorbis for music and effects.

* [http://www.freedom-fighters.co.uk/ Freedom Fighters] by IO Interactive: String search reveals “libVorbis I 20011217” in freedom.exe.

* [http://www.siriusgames.dk/index.php?pageid=67 Gangland] by MediaMobsters: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music and cutscenes (Data\streams\). Encoded with Xiph.Org libVorbis I 20020717. Decoder library: FMOD 3.71.

* [http://www.rockstargames.com/vicecity/ Grand Theft Auto: Vice City] by Rockstar Games/Rockstar North uses Ogg Vorbis to store music, radio, ambient sounds, police messages and cutscene audio. Players can also store their custom tracks (accessible in-game via the “User Track Player” radio station) in Ogg Vorbis.

* [http://www.rockstargames.com/sanandreas/ Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas] by Rockstar Games/Rockstar North uses Ogg Vorbis to store music, radio, ambient sounds, police messages and cutscene audio. Players can also store their custom tracks (accessible in-game via the “User Track Player” radio station) in Ogg Vorbis.

* [http://www.gothic3.com/ Gothic 3] by Piranha Bytes: Vorbis is used in the Ogg container for everything (music, speech, effects) except of the intro video. For example: Music @ 256 kb/s, Speech @ 86 kb/s. About 18 hours of speech compressed to 700 MB.

* [http://www.guiltygearx2reload.com/ Guilty Gear XX]: The PC version, at least, uses Ogg Vorbis for all the music.

* [http://www.guitarherogame.com/gh2/ Guitar Hero II] by Red Octane (Activision), XBox360 platform only (multichannel Vorbis with 5 or 6 channels per song)

* [http://halo.bungie.org/ Halo]: Mac and PC versions of Halo use Ogg Vorbis for all audio, it seems. The Xiph license and dynamically linked libraries of Ogg and Vorbis are included in the Halo directory. XBox version does not use Ogg Vorbis.

* [http://harrypotter.ea.com/cofs/index.html Harry Potter II (Chamber of Secrets)]: This is unsubstantiated, it was reported on one of the vorbis mailing lists, but there is little evidence either way on this title. EA has been supportive of Vorbis though, so it’s not entirely impossible. If anyone can give us a yay or nay on this, please do.

* [http://www.mightandmagicgame.com/HeroesV/ Heroes of Might and Magic V]: Uses Vorbis for audio and Theora for video.

* [http://www.eidosinteractive.com/games/info.html?gmid=118 Hitman 2]: uses Vorbis. (PC only or consoles too?)

* [http://www.codemasters.com/igi2/front.htm IGI2: Covert Strike]: Not a Norwegian first-person shooter.

* [http://www.inthegroove.com In The Groove]: The premier dance game created by [http://www.roxorgames.com Roxor Games, Inc.] Uses Vorbis for all of the in-game music.

* [http://www.agdinteractive.com/games/kq1/ King's Quest I]: King's Quest I: Quest for the Crown (Enhanced) is a fan remake of the original Sierra classic. Uses Ogg Vorbis for sound and Ogg Theora for cutscene movies.

* [http://www.p3int.com/KULT/ KULT Heretic Kingdoms] by 3D People/Project 3 Interactive: Uses Vorbis (1.0) for music, voice and sound effects.

* Recent Legacy of Kain Games: On the PC, both '''Soul Reaver 2''' and '''Blood Omen 2''' by Crystal Dynamics/Eidos use Ogg Vorbis for music and sound effects. (Source: [http://www.thelostworlds.net/FAQ.HTML#ogg])

* [http://www.ncsoft.net/eng/ncgames/lineage2_intro.asp Lineage II]: NCSoft Corporation’s 3D MMORPG Lineage II uses Ogg Vorbis for its music. They use 1.0beta3, though.

* [http://www.liveforspeed.net/ Live for Speed]: Online racing simulator uses Ogg for all audio and sound effects.

* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/lock-on-modern-air-combat Lock On: Modern Air Combat]: Published by Ubisoft; CD-ROM contains over 1800 Ogg Vorbis files for speech.

* [http://www.mafia-game.com/ Mafia: The City Of Lost Heaven]: Not sure about any console version, but PC version is reported to use Ogg Vorbis.

* [http://www.popcap.com/games/magicmatch Magic Match]: A very elaborate "Match 3" casual game that uses Ogg Vorbis for its audio.

* [http://www.capcom.co.jp/rockmanx8/ Mega Man X8]: The PC version of Mega Man X8 makes use of Vorbis for music and dialogue during cutscenes.

* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/gamecube/metal-gear-solid-the-twin-snakes Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for all speech in the game.

* [http://minecraft.net Minecraft]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music and sound effects.

* MotoGP: This motorcycle racing sim uses Vorbis for the music and allows players to drop their own .ogg files into the music dir to listen to them in-game.

* [http://www.mystrevelation.com/ Myst IV: Revelation]: Fourth game in the Myst series. Uses Ogg Vorbis for all music, speech and sound effects.

* [http://www.mystvgame.com/ Myst V: End of Ages]: Fifth and final game in the Myst series. Uses Ogg Vorbis for all music, speech and sound effects.

* Nascar Racing Games from Papyrus: They had this to say about their decision and experience:
<blockquote style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eeeeee)">
"We’re using a lot of spoken audio in this title (a first for us) and your codec has allowed us to reduce more than 350MB of audio data to about 40MB, a huge savings of memory and disk space! We are very impressed." — Tom Faiano, Producer
</blockquote>
<blockquote style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eeeeee)">
"Incorporating Ogg Vorbis into our codebase was quite painless, and in the end, even refreshing. No fuss no muss. Thank you for your efforts!" — Bill Farquhar, Soundguy du jour
</blockquote>

* [http://www.nexuiz.com/ Nexuiz], a fast-paced FPS with roots in Quake I, uses Vorbis for background music. The minstagib mod uses Vorbis for all of its sound.

* [http://www.codemasters.com/flashpoint/ Operation Flashpoint]: This highly successful military simulation/action game from Codemasters uses Vorbis for the in-game music.

* [http://www.orunner.com/ Ostrich Runner] by Geleos: This funny Russian cartoon-style game for kids and not only kids uses Ogg Vorbis for sound, speech and music.

* [http://www.ysagoon.com/glob2/ Globulation 2]: State of the art GPL-ed strategy game!

* [http://www.penumbragame.com Penumbra: Black Plague]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for all audio.

* [http://www.psobb.com/index.php Phantasy Star Online: Blue Burst]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for music, stored in data/ogg.

* [http://www.gopostal.com/ Postal 2]: Probably not the game we want to use to showcase Vorbis, but it’s being used in this Unreal-engine-powered ultra-violent game.

* [http://www.praetoriansgame.com/ Praetorians]: This very successful game from Pyro Studios uses Vorbis for its music.

* [http://www.pressxtonotdie.com/ Press X To Not Die]: This interactive action-comedy film uses Vorbis for its audio and Theora for its video.

* [http://www.psychonauts.com/ Psychonauts]: Has vorbis.dll and vorbisfile.dll.

* [http://www.quake4game.com/ Quake 4]: Quake 4 is the fourth title in the series of Quake FPS computer games. All game music, speech and sound effects make use of Vorbis.

* [http://www.restricted-area.net/ Restricted Area]: by Master Creating uses Ogg Vorbis for music and VP3 for videos.

* Ricochet: An addictive version of Break out.

* [http://www.rockband.com/ Rock Band]: XBox360 version uses the same type of multichannel Vorbis files as Guitar Hero II, but with more channels to handle the drums and vocals separately.

* [http://www.rockmanager.net/ Rock Manager]: Vorbis is used in this “new rock’n roll management sim for PC from Pan Vision and Monsterland”.

* [http://www.sacred2.com/ Sacred 2] by Studio II: uses multichannel(!) Ogg Vorbis for music, speech and sound effects.

* [http://www.s2games.com/savage/ Savage]: This S2 Games “RTSS” hybrid genre game uses Vorbis for all the in-game music.

* [http://www.serioussam.com/se/ Serious Sam: The Second Encounter]: uses Vorbis for the music, although it is slightly obfuscated so as not to be easily playable by standard Ogg Vorbis players.

* [http://www.serioussam2.com/ Serious Sam 2]: not only uses Vorbis for the music but even Theora for the videos

* [http://www.totalwar.com/community/warlord.htm Shogun: Total War]: Shogun uses Vorbis, but only to distribute — everything is decompressed to wav during the install.

* [http://www.singles2.com/englisch/index.html Singles 2]: Uses Ogg Vorbis for sound

* [http://www.lart.pl/en/portfolioItem.php?id=91 Ski Jumping 2004]: A commerical game that accurately models the activity of ski jumping. The game also contains over 700 Ogg Vorbis files.

* [http://mobygames.com/game/sheet/p,3/gameId,3453/ Star Trek: Away Team]: Vorbis is used for all sound in the game — music, voiceover and SFX. This squad-based strategy game is set in the Star Trek Next Generation universe. (Official website is down, using Mobygames link)

* [http://starcraft2.com/ StarCraft II]: Uses Vorbis for audio

* StoneLoops! Of Jurassica ([http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=315210057&mt=8 Apple iTunes App Store link]): Colorful puzzle game for the iPhone/iPod Touch that uses Ogg Vorbis for audio.

* [http://supertux.lethargik.org/ Super Tux]: Uses Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.splintercell3.com/ Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell Chaos Theory]: .LS0 files are in fact Ogg Vorbis files.

* [http://www.lucasarts.com/games/swrepubliccommando/ Star Wars Republic Commando]: Vorbis is used in the ambient and game music in this latest action game from LucasArts.

* [http://www.reflexive.net/index.php?PAGE=game_detail&AID=30 Swarm]: A fun little arcade shooter.

* [http://www.swat4.com/ SWAT 4]: SWAT 4 uses Ogg Vorbis for audio files.

* [http://www.croteam.com/talosprinciple/ The Talos Principle] is a first-person puzzle game that uses Ogg Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.there.com/ There]: uses both Ogg Vorbis for the sound effects and Ogg Speex for realtime group voice chat, a first for an immersive consumer-oriented world.
<blockquote style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eeeeee)">
"Voice has become a very popular part of our product!" — David Weekly, a There developer
</blockquote>

* [http://www.wesnoth.org The Battle for Wesnoth]: uses Ogg Vorbis for it's music and for most of it's sounds.

* [http://www.riddickgame.com/ The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape From Butcher’s Bay (Director’s Cut)]: Uses Vorbis for all audio and Theora for cutscenes.

* [https://thimbleweedpark.com/ Thimbleweed Park]: Retro-looking point-and-click adventure, [https://blog.thimbleweedpark.com/tracking_talkies using Ogg Vorbis for its music, character voices and sound effects].
<blockquote style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eeeeee)">
"[The characters' dialog is] around 6GB of .wav files and we needed to compress them for inclusion in the game. We used .ogg files due to it being free of the patent and licensing issues that .mp3 has, although either would have worked." — Ron Gilbert
</blockquote>

* [http://www.thethinggames.com/ The Thing]: Uses Vorbis
<blockquote style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eeeeee)">
"The original multilanguage distro took three CDs, and went down to only one after I converted all wavs to oggs. Nifty :) Sadly enough, marketing decided to not have one language per CD anyway (probably to annoy people who migrate) :/ Thanks for a very cool (and easy to use) lib/format!" — Vincent Penquerc’h
</blockquote>

* [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~cs8k-cyu/windows/tt_e.html Torus Trooper]: Frantic 3D shootemup, using Vorbis for the music. (see also the [http://www.emhsoft.net/ttrooper/ Linux port] and [http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/games/action_adventure/torustrooper.html MacOS version])

* [http://www.trackmania.com/ TrackMania] uses Vorbis for music in menu and tracks. [music in self-made tracks also need to be in Vorbis]

* [http://www.mikeoldfield.com/ Tr3s Lunas] (aka Music VR episode 1): This game, featuring the music of Mike Oldfield, uses Vorbis for the music.

* [http://www.tribesvengeance.com Tribes: Vengance] by Irration Games/Sierra use Ogg Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/gamecube/true-crime-new-york-city True Crime: New York City]: GameCube version contains over 11,500 Ogg Vorbis files. It is likely that other platform ports also use the same files (note that the [http://www.mobygames.com/game/xbox/true-crime-new-york-city Xbox version] uses Windows Media Audio files in place of Ogg Vorbis files)

* [http://tuxtype.sourceforge.net/ Tuxtyping 2]: Educational typing tutor for kids of all ages!

* [http://www.ufo-aftershock.com/ UFO: Aftershock]: Uses Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.ufo-afterlight.com/ UFO: Afterlight]: Uses Vorbis for music.

* [http://www.atari.com/us/games/unreal2/pc Unreal 2]: PC version uses Vorbis, usage on consoles not confirmed.
<blockquote style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eeeeee)">
"We went with Ogg Vorbis due to its excellent playback and compression, and we used it not only for music but also all of the in-game voice. Without it, we never would have been able to fit on two CDs." — [http://www.4unrealers.com/entrevistas/263/ 4unrealers.com]
</blockquote>

* [http://www.unrealtournament.com/ut2003/ Unreal Tournament 2003]: This overwhelmingly-popular multiplayer first person shooter PC title uses Vorbis for its music.

* [http://www.unrealtournament.com/ut2004/ Unreal Tournament 2004]: Yet another Unreal game which uses Vorbis for the music (What about effects and voice? Does anyone know?). The readme file of the demo even mentions Speex!

* [http://sc2.sourceforge.net/ The Ur-Quan Masters]: Port of Star Control 2 to modern computers. Toys for Bob released the source of this amazing game under the GPL in 2002. Ogg Vorbis is used for the dialogue and the background music.

* [http://uru.ubi.com/ Uru: Ages Beyond Myst]: Spinoff from the Myst series. Uses Ogg Vorbis for all music, speech and sound effects.

* [http://mobygames.com/game/sheet/p,3/gameId,8635/ Lionheart — Legacy of the Crusader]: An 3/4 RPG from Black Isle. Uses Vorbis for all audio. Thanks to all the guys that made Vorbis great.. (I even donated money myself, someday maybe I can convince the company to kick in some bucks as well). Official site is down, using mobygames link.

* [http://www.global-gaming.com/Dominion/ Urban Dominion] (beta): First Person Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game by Global-Gaming. Uses Ogg Vorbis for the sound system.

* [http://www.vietcong-game.com/ Vietcong]: Vietnam War First Person Shooter by Pterodon. Uses Ogg Vorbis I believe for the background music.

* [http://vegastrike.sourceforge.net/ Vega Strike]: It is a free spacesim. Ogg Vorbis files are stored in \music\ .

* [http://www.gathering.com/wingsofwar/ Wings Of War]: It is an arcade shooter in times of WWI. Game has ogg.dll, vorbis.dll and vorbisfile.dll — but *.ogg files are not accessible.

* [http://jonof.edgenetwork.org/winbuild/ WinBuild]: Winbuild is a port of Ken Silverman’s [http://www.advsys.net/ken/buildsrc/default.htm original Build engine demo] (for DOS) to Windows. It uses Vorbis compression for the music.

* [http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/ World of Warcraft]: popular massively multiplayer online role-playing game from Blizzard Entertainment use Vorbis for speech and sound effects.

* [http://www.zax-game.com/ Zax — The Alien Hunter]: A large 3/4 view action adventure game.

[[Category:Vorbis]]

XiphInfra:Wiki VM

2026-01-17T04:31:00Z

EPirat: /* Add Wiki Account */

{{Infobox Server
|title=Wiki VM
|maintainer=ePirat
|host=mf4
|ips=192.168.2.180
|service=Wiki
|url=https://wiki.xiph.org}}

As the name suggests, the Wiki VM runs this [http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki] instance.

It runs an Apache2 server with a PHP module. In front of it is a reverse proxy (nginx) running on Catfish.
If you need to add or adjust things like headers and the HTTPS redirect, check the nginx config on Catfish, not the Apache2 config.

The current version of MediaWiki and the installed Modules can be found [[Special:Version|here]].

== Add Wiki Account ==
<div style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#fdf2d5);
border-color: var(--border-color-warning,#ab7f2a); color: var(--color-base,#202122); padding: 5px; border: 1px #888 solid;">Currently, account creation on the Wiki is disabled due to massive amounts of spam. Therefore, until we find a solution for this, Users are asked to go to the #xiph IRC channel and ask for an account there, which a wiki sysop has to create.</div>

Below is an excerpt from the MediaWiki Page, describing how to create an Account:

# Go to {{Special:UserLogin}}, when logged in as a [[Special:ListUsers/sysop|sysop]].
# Click on "Create an account" link to get to the account creation form.
# Enter a username and an email address, and click the "by email" button. Note you need <code>$wgEnableEmail=true</code> or else the sysop must pick a password and send it to the user.
# The account will be created with a random password which is then emailed to the given address (as with the "forgot password" feature). The user will be requested to change password at first login; when he does this, his e-mail address will also be marked as confirmed.
#:When you click the "create account" button instead, you have to manually send the user his password. If you've set <code>$wgMinimalPasswordLength</code> and you've left the password field blank, the user will be emailed an e-mail address confirmation request but will be unable to access {{Special:Confirmemail}} to perform the confirmation. Instead, the user will get an error (unless you've added it to <code>$wgWhitelistRead</code>); the user will be able to login with a blank password and then confirm email, but their password will not have been reset (it will have to be reset manually).

== Important Modules ==
These are the most important modules that we have in use:

=== Math and Mathoid ===
The [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math Math] module allows us to use equations similar to LaTeX:

<code><nowiki><math>E=mc^2</math></nowiki></code> will display as <math>E=mc^2</math>

The extension uses Mathoid to render equations, this is how it's configured:

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
/* Math */
$wgUseTeX = true;
$wgTexvc = "$IP/extensions/Math/math/texvc";
$wgMathPath = "{$wgUploadPath}/math";
$wgMathDirectory = "{$wgUploadDirectory}/math";
$wgMathMathMLUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:10042";
$wgMathValidModes = array(MW_MATH_MATHML, MW_MATH_PNG, MW_MATH_SOURCE);

/* Set Mathoid as default rendering option */
$wgDefaultUserOptions['math'] = MW_MATH_MATHML;
</syntaxhighlight>

More information about the config can be found on the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math/advancedSettings Math/advancedSettings] page.

Once the Math extension is configured, it needs Mathoid to render MathML and SVGs.
It's a bit tricky to install so have a look at the short guide below:

==== Fetch the source code ====

cd /opt/
git clone https://github.com/wikimedia/mathoid

==== Install a relatively new node.js version ====
The packaged version is probably too old, so you should download one from the [https://nodejs.org/en/download/ Node.js download page].
For example:

wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v4.2.4/node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.xz
tar xfv ./node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.xz
mv ./node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.xz /opt/node-v4.2.4

==== Add node binaries to your PATH ====

echo export PATH=/opt/node-v4.2.4/bin:$PATH >> ~/.bashrc

==== Install dependencies ====
Inside the mathoid folder, run:

npm install

==== Change config ====
Remove the default config symlink and create one for the prod config:

rm config.yaml
ln -s config.prod.yaml config.yaml

Adjust the config accordingly. Currently the config looks like this:

<syntaxhighlight lang="yaml">
# Number of worker processes to spawn.
# Set to 0 to run everything in a single process without clustering.
# Use 'ncpu' to run as many workers as there are CPU units
num_workers: ncpu

# Log error messages and gracefully restart a worker if v8 reports that it
# uses more heap (note: not RSS) than this many mb.
worker_heap_limit_mb: 500

# Logger info
logging:
level: warn
streams:
# Use gelf-stream -> logstash
#- type: gelf
# host: logstash1003.eqiad.wmnet
# port: 12201

# Statsd metrics reporter
metrics:
#type: statsd
#host: statsd.eqiad.wmnet
#port: 8125

services:
- name: mathoid
module: ./app.js
conf:
interface: 127.0.0.1
port: 10042
svg: true
img: false
texvcinfo: true
speech: true
sppechOn: false
</syntaxhighlight>

==== Try it ====
Let's try to start it:

npm start

If it starts successfully, go to a Wiki Page, edit it, add a simple equation and preview the page.
(Make sure to use a unique equation, as caching could prevent Mathoid from being used.)

If everything works as expected, write a systemd unit or such and start Mathoid with it, for production use.

==== Troubleshooting ====

Maybe useful for debugging, you can use curl to make a request to Mathoid like this:

curl -d 'q=E=fobarmc^2' http://127.0.0.1:10042/

If you get errors like <code>spawn java ENOENT</code> make sure you have set
img: false
in your config, otherwise it will try to use [http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik/download.html Apache™ Batik], which requires Java.
I guess not having PNGs is a fair tradeoff, if that saves us from having to use Java on the VM.

If there are problems while installing dependencies, make sure your nodejs version is recent enough.
You can try removing its modules and reinstalling them:

rm -rf ./node_modules
npm cache clear
npm install

=== SyntaxHighlight (GeSHi) ===
This is used to highlight code blocks:

<nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$foo = "bar";
</syntaxhighlight></nowiki>

will display as:

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$foo = "bar";
</syntaxhighlight>

Luckily, this one is much easier to install.
It does not (contrary to what the name suggests) depend on GeSHi anymore,
but has switched to [http://pygments.org Pygments], so make sure that is installed.

That's it! (Phew, much easier compared to Mathoid...)

XiphInfra:List of services

2026-01-17T04:24:21Z

EPirat: Remove gone services and update services which I have access to.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Service
! URL
! VM
! Host
! Maintainer(s)
|-
| [[AreWeCompressedYet]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://arewecompressedyet.com
| awcy
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| TD-Linux
|-
| Home Pages
| style="text-align:right;"| https://people.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
|
|-
| [[Icecast]] Streams Directory
| style="text-align:right;"| http://dir.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| Jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/
| jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| TD-Linux
|-
| Mail
| style="text-align:right;"| xiph.org
| mailfish
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| MailMan
| style="text-align:right;"| https://lists.xiph.org
| mailfish
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| Media
| style="text-align:right;"| https://media.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| beaufish
| TD-Linux, rillian
|-
| Opus Boodler Streams
| style="text-align:right;"| https://opus-codec.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| gmaxwell
|-
| Subversion Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://svn.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| rillian
|-
| [[XiphWiki:Features|Wiki]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://wiki.xiph.org
| [[XiphInfra:Wiki VM|wiki]]
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat
|-
| Xiph Mirror Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://github.com/xiph
|
|
| ePirat, rillian
|-
| XiphBot-ng
| style="text-align:right;"| XiphWiki on libera.chat
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| TD-Linux
|-
| [[XiphInfra:Gitlab|Gitlab]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://gitlab.xiph.org
| [[XiphInfra:GitLab VM|gitlab]]
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr, TD-Linux, rillian
|}

==External services==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Service
! URL
! Users with admin rights
|-
| Github
| style="text-align:right;"| https://github.com
| TD-Linux, unlord, ePirat
|}

<noinclude>See the [[XiphInfra:Overview|Overview]] page for more information.</noinclude>

Videos/A Digital Media Primer For Geeks

2025-09-28T12:05:58Z

EPirat: /* Credits */ Update links

''Wiki edition''

[[Image:Dmpfg_001.jpg|360px|right]]

This first video from Xiph.Org presents the technical foundations
of modern digital media via a half-hour firehose of information.
One community member called it "a Uni lecture I never got but really wanted."

The program offers a brief history of digital media, a quick summary of the [[Wikipedia:Sampling_theorem|sampling theorem]],
and a myriad of details on low level audio and video characterization and formatting.
It's intended for budding geeks looking to get into video coding,
as well as the technically curious who want to know more about the media they wrangle for work or play.

See also: [[Videos/Digital_Show_and_Tell|Episode 02: Digital Show and Tell]]

<center>[http://www.xiph.org/video/vid1.shtml Download or Watch online]</center>
 

Players supporting [https://www.webmproject.org/ WebM]: [https://www.videolan.org/vlc/ VLC], [https://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/ Firefox], [https://www.chromium.org/Home Chrome], [https://www.opera.com/ Opera], [https://www.webmproject.org/users/ more…]

Players supporting [[Ogg]]/[[Theora]]: [https://www.videolan.org/vlc/ VLC], [https://www.firefox.com/ Firefox], [https://www.opera.com/ Opera], [[TheoraSoftwarePlayers|more…]]

If you're having trouble with playback in a modern browser or player, please visit our [[Playback_Troubleshooting|playback troubleshooting and discussion]] page.

<hr/>

==Introduction==
[[Image:Dmpfg_000.jpg|360px|right]]
[[Image:Dmpfg_002.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Introduction|Discuss this section]]

Workstations and high-end personal computers have been able to
manipulate digital audio pretty easily for about fifteen years now.
It's only been about five years that a decent workstation's been able
to handle raw video without a lot of expensive special purpose
hardware.

But today even most cheap home PCs have the processor power and
storage necessary to really toss raw video around, at least without
too much of a struggle. So now that everyone has all of this cheap media-capable hardware,
more people, not surprisingly, want to do interesting
things with digital media, especially streaming. YouTube was the first huge
success, and now everybody wants in.

Well good! Because this stuff is a lot of fun!

It's no problem finding consumers for digital media. But here I'd
like to address the engineers, the mathematicians, the hackers, the
people who are interested in discovering and making things and
building the technology itself. The people after my own heart.

Digital media, compression especially, is perceived to be super-elite,
somehow incredibly more difficult than anything else in computer
science. The big industry players in the field don't mind this
perception at all; it helps justify the staggering number of very
basic patents they hold. They like the image that their media
researchers "are the best of the best, so much smarter than anyone
else that their brilliant ideas can't even be understood by mere
mortals." This is bunk.

Digital audio and video and streaming and compression offer endless
deep and stimulating mental challenges, just like any other
discipline. It seems elite because so few people have been
involved. So few people have been involved perhaps because so few
people could afford the expensive, special-purpose equipment it
required. But today, just about anyone watching this video has a
cheap, general-purpose computer powerful enough to play with the big
boys. There are battles going on today around HTML5 and browsers and
video and open vs. closed. So now is a pretty good time to get
involved. The easiest place to start is probably understanding the
technology we have right now.

This is an introduction. Since it's an introduction, it glosses over a
ton of details so that the big picture's a little easier to see.
Quite a few people watching are going to be way past anything that I'm
talking about, at least for now. On the other hand, I'm probably
going to go too fast for folks who really are brand new to all of
this, so if this is all new, relax. The important thing is to pick out
any ideas that really grab your imagination. Especially pay attention
to the terminology surrounding those ideas, because with those, and
Google, and Wikipedia, you can dig as deep as interests you.

So, without any further ado, welcome to one hell of a new hobby.

<center><div style="background-color:#DDDDFF;border-color:#CCCCDD;border-style:solid;width:80%;padding:0 1em 1em 1em;text-align:left;">
'''Going deeper…'''
*[http://www.xiph.org/about/ About Xiph.Org]: Why you should care about open media
*[http://www.0xdeadbeef.com/weblog/2010/01/html5-video-and-h-264-what-history-tells-us-and-why-were-standing-with-the-web/ HTML5 Video and H.264: what history tells us and why we're standing with the web]: Chris Blizzard of Mozilla on free formats and the open web
*[http://diveintohtml5.org/video.html Dive into HTML5]: tutorial on HTML5 web video
*[http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=xiph Chat with the creators of the video] via freenode IRC in #xiph.
</div></center>

 

==Analog vs Digital==
[[Image:Dmpfg_004.jpg|360px|right]]
[[Image:Dmpfg_006.jpg|360px|right]]
[[Image:Dmpfg_007.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Analog_vs_Digital|Discuss this section]]

[[Wikipedia:Sound|Sound]] is the propagation of pressure waves through air, spreading out
from a source like ripples spread from a stone tossed into a pond. A
microphone, or the human ear for that matter, transforms these passing
ripples of pressure into an electric signal. Right, this is
middle school science class, everyone remembers this. Moving on.

That audio signal is a one-dimensional function, a single value
varying over time. If we slow the [[Wikipedia:Oscilloscope|'scope]] down a bit... that should be
a little easier to see. A few other aspects of the signal are
important. It's [[Wikipedia:Continuous_function|continuous]] in both value and time; that is, at any
given time it can have any real value, and there's a smoothly varying
value at every point in time. No matter how much we zoom in, there
are no discontinuities, no singularities, no instantaneous steps or
points where the signal ceases to exist. It's defined
everywhere. Classic continuous math works very well on these signals.

A digital signal on the other hand is [[Wikipedia:Discrete_math|discrete]] in both value and time.
In the simplest and most common system, called [[Wikipedia:Pulse code modulation|Pulse Code Modulation]],
one of a fixed number of possible values directly represents the
instantaneous signal amplitude at points in time spaced a fixed
distance apart. The end result is a stream of digits.

Now this looks an awful lot like this. It seems intuitive that we
should somehow be able to rigorously transform one into the other, and
good news, the [[Wikipedia:Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem|Sampling Theorem]] says we can and tells us
how. Published in its most recognizable form by [[Wikipedia:Claude Shannon|Claude Shannon]] in 1949
and built on the work of [[Wikipedia:Harry Nyquist|Nyquist]], and [[Wikipedia:Ralph Hartley|Hartley]], and tons of others, the
sampling theorem states that not only can we go back and
forth between analog and digital, but also lays
down a set of conditions for which conversion is lossless and the two
representations become equivalent and interchangeable. When the
lossless conditions aren't met, the sampling theorem tells us how and
how much information is lost or corrupted.

Up until very recently, analog technology was the basis for
practically everything done with audio, and that's not because most
audio comes from an originally analog source. You may also think that
since computers are fairly recent, analog signal technology must have
come first. Nope. Digital is actually older. The [[Wikipedia:Telegraph|telegraph]] predates
the telephone by half a century and was already fully mechanically
automated by the 1860s, sending coded, multiplexed digital signals
long distances. You know... [[Wikipedia:Tickertape|tickertape]]. Harry Nyquist of [[Wikipedia:Bell_labs|Bell Labs]] was
researching telegraph pulse transmission when he published his
description of what later became known as the [[Wikipedia:Nyquist_frequency|Nyquist frequency]], the
core concept of the sampling theorem. Now, it's true the telegraph
was transmitting symbolic information, text, not a digitized analog
signal, but with the advent of the telephone and radio, analog and
digital signal technology progressed rapidly and side-by-side.

Audio had always been manipulated as an analog signal because... well,
gee, it's so much easier. A [[Wikipedia:Low-pass_filter#Continuous-time_low-pass_filters|second-order low-pass filter]], for example,
requires two passive components. An all-analog [[Wikipedia:Short-time_Fourier_transform|short-time Fourier
transform]], a few hundred. Well, maybe a thousand if you want to build
something really fancy (bang on the [http://www.testequipmentdepot.com/usedequipment/hewlettpackard/spectrumanalyzers/3585a.htm 3585]). Processing signals
digitally requires millions to billions of transistors running at
microwave frequencies, support hardware at very least to digitize and
reconstruct the analog signals, a complete software ecosystem for
programming and controlling that billion-transistor juggernaut,
digital storage just in case you want to keep any of those bits for
later...

So we come to the conclusion that analog is the only practical way to
do much with audio... well, unless you happen to have a billion
transistors and all the other things just lying around. And [[Wikipedia:File:Transistor_Count_and_Moore's_Law_-_2008.svg|since we
do]], digital signal processing becomes very attractive.

For one thing, analog componentry just doesn't have the flexibility of
a general purpose computer. Adding a new function to this
beast [the 3585]... yeah, it's probably not going to happen. On a digital
processor though, just write a new program. Software isn't trivial,
but it is a lot easier.

Perhaps more importantly though every analog component is an
approximation. There's no such thing as a perfect transistor, or a
perfect inductor, or a perfect capacitor. In analog, every component
adds [[Wikipedia:Johnson–Nyquist_noise|noise]] and [[Wikipedia:Distortion#Electronic_signals|distortion]], usually not very much, but it adds up. Just
transmitting an analog signal, especially over long distances,
progressively, measurably, irretrievably corrupts it. Besides, all of
those single-purpose analog components take up a lot of space. Two
lines of code on the billion transistors back here can implement a
filter that would require an [[Wikipedia:Inductor|inductor]] the size of a refrigerator.

Digital systems don't have these drawbacks. Digital signals can be
stored, copied, manipulated, and transmitted without adding any noise
or distortion. We do use [[Wikipedia:Lossy_compression|lossy]] algorithms from time to time, but the
only unavoidably non-ideal steps are digitization and reconstruction,
where digital has to interface with all of that messy analog. Messy
or not, modern [[Wikipedia:Digital-to-analog_converter|conversion stages]] are very, very good. By the
standards of our ears, we can consider them practically lossless as
well.

With a little extra hardware, then, most of which is now small and
inexpensive due to our modern industrial infrastructure, digital audio
is the clear winner over analog. So let us then go about storing it,
copying it, manipulating it, and transmitting it.

<center><div style="background-color:#DDDDFF;border-color:#CCCCDD;border-style:solid;width:80%;padding:0 1em 1em 1em;text-align:left;">
'''Going deeper…'''
*Wikipedia: [[Wikipedia:Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem|Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem]]
*MIT OpenCourseWare [http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-003-signals-and-systems-spring-2010/lecture-notes/ Lecture notes from 6.003 signals and systems.]
*Wikipedia: [[Wikipedia:Passive_analogue_filter_development|The history of analog filters]] such as the [[Wikipedia:RC circuit|RC low-pass]] shown connected to the [[Wikipedia:Spectrum_analyzer|spectrum analyzer]] in the video.
</div></center>

 

==Raw (Digital Audio) Meat==
[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Raw_.28digital_audio.29_meat|Discuss this section]]

[[Wikipedia:Pcm|Pulse Code Modulation]] is the most common representation for raw audio.

Other practical representations do exist: for example,
the [[Wikipedia:Delta-sigma_modulation|Sigma-Delta coding]] used by the [[Wikipedia:Super_Audio_CD|SACD]],
which is a form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse-density_modulation|Pulse Density Modulation]].
That said, Pulse Code Modulation is far and away dominant, mainly because it's so mathematically convenient.
An audio engineer can spend an entire career without running into anything else.

PCM encoding can be characterized in three parameters, making it easy to account for every possible PCM variant with mercifully little hassle.

===Sample Rate===
[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Raw_.28digital_audio.29_meat|Discuss this section]]

[[Image:Dmpfg_009.jpg|360px|right]]
[[Image:Dmpfg_008.jpg|360px|right]]

The first parameter is the [[Wikipedia:Sampling_rate|sampling rate]].
The highest frequency an encoding can represent is called the [[Wikipedia:Nyquist_Frequency|Nyquist Frequency]].
The Nyquist frequency of PCM happens to be exactly half the sampling rate.
Therefore, the sampling rate directly determines the highest possible frequency in the digitized signal.

Analog telephone systems traditionally [[Wikipedia:Bandlimiting|band-limited]] voice channels to
just under 4kHz, so digital telephony and most classic voice
applications use an 8kHz sampling rate: the minimum sampling rate
necessary to capture the entire bandwidth of a 4kHz channel. This is
what an 8kHz sampling rate sounds like—a bit muffled but perfectly
intelligible for voice. This is the lowest sampling rate that's ever
been used widely in practice.

From there, as power, and memory, and storage increased, consumer
computer hardware went to offering 11, and then 16, and then 22, and
then 32kHz sampling. With each increase in the sampling rate and the
Nyquist frequency, it's obvious that the high end becomes a little
clearer and the sound more natural.

The Compact Disc uses a 44.1kHz sampling rate, which is again slightly
better than 32kHz, but the gains are becoming less distinct. 44.1kHz
is a bit of an oddball choice, especially given that it hadn't been
used for anything prior to the compact disc, but the huge success of
the CD has made it a common rate.

The most common hi-fidelity sampling rate aside from the CD is 48kHz.
There's virtually no audible difference between the two. This video,
or at least the original version of it, was shot and produced with
48kHz audio, which happens to be the original standard for
high-fidelity audio with video.

Super-hi-fidelity sampling rates of 88, and 96, and 192kHz have also
appeared. The reason for the sampling rates beyond 48kHz isn't to
extend the audible high frequencies further. It's for a different
reason.

Stepping back for just a second, the French mathematician [[Wikipedia:Joseph_Fourier|Jean
Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] showed that we can also think of signals like
audio as a set of component frequencies. This [[Wikipedia:Frequency_domain|frequency-domain]]
representation is equivalent to the time representation; the signal is
exactly the same, we're just looking at it [[Wikipedia:Basis_(linear_algebra)|a different way]]. Here we see the
frequency-domain representation of a hypothetical analog signal we
intend to digitally sample.

The sampling theorem tells us two essential things about the sampling
process. First, that a digital signal can't represent any
frequencies above the Nyquist frequency. Second, and this is the new
part, if we don't remove those frequencies with a low-pass [[Wikipedia:Audio_filter|filter]]
before sampling, the sampling process will fold them down into the
representable frequency range as [[Wikipedia:Aliasing|aliasing distortion]].

Aliasing, in a nutshell, sounds freakin' awful, so it's essential to remove any beyond-Nyquist frequencies ''before sampling'' and ''after reconstruction''.

Human frequency perception is considered to extend to about 20kHz. In
44.1 or 48kHz sampling, the low pass before the sampling stage has to
be extremely sharp to avoid cutting any audible frequencies below
[[Wikipedia:Hearing_range|20kHz]] but still not allow frequencies above the Nyquist to leak
forward into the sampling process. This is a difficult filter to
build, and no practical filter succeeds completely. If the sampling
rate is 96kHz or 192kHz on the other hand, the low pass has an extra
[[Wikipedia:Octave_(electronics)|octave]] or two for its [[Wikipedia:Transition_band|transition band]]. This is a much easier filter to
build. Sampling rates beyond 48kHz are actually one of those messy
analog stage compromises.
 

===Sample Format===
[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Raw_.28digital_audio.29_meat|Discuss this section]]
[[Image:Dmpfg_anim.gif|right]]

The second fundamental PCM parameter is the sample format; that is,
the format of each digital number. A number is a number, but a number
can be represented in bits a number of different ways.

Early PCM was [[Wikipedia:Quantization_(sound_processing)#Audio_quantization|eight-bit]] [[Wikipedia:Linear_pulse_code_modulation|linear]], encoded as an [[Wikipedia:Signedness|unsigned]] [[Wikipedia:Integer_(computer_science)#Bytes_and_octets|byte]].
The [[Wikipedia:Dynamic_range#Audio|dynamic range]] is limited to about [[Wikipedia:Decibel|50dB]]
and the [[Wikipedia:Quantization_error|quantization noise]], as you can hear, is pretty severe.
Eight-bit audio is vanishingly rare today.

Digital telephony typically uses one of two related non-linear eight bit encodings called [[Wikipedia:A-law_algorithm|A-law]] and [[Wikipedia:Μ-law_algorithm|μ-law]].
These formats encode a roughly [[Wikipedia:Audio_bit_depth#Dynamic_range|14 bit dynamic range]] into eight bits by spacing the higher amplitude values farther apart.
A-law and mu-law obviously improve quantization noise compared to linear 8-bit, and voice harmonics especially hide the remaining quantization noise well.
All three eight-bit encodings (linear, A-law, and mu-law) are typically paired with an 8kHz sampling rate, though I'm demonstrating them here at 48kHz.

Most modern PCM uses 16- or 24-bit [[Wikipedia:Two's_complement|two's-complement]] signed integers to
encode the range from negative infinity to zero decibels in 16 or 24
bits of precision. The maximum absolute value corresponds to zero decibels.
As with all the sample formats so far, signals beyond zero decibels, and thus
beyond the maximum representable range, are [[Wikipedia:Clipping_(audio)|clipped]].

In mixing and mastering, it's not unusual to use [[Wikipedia:Floating_point|floating-point]]
numbers for PCM instead of [[Wikipedia:Integer_(computer_science)|integers]]. A 32 bit [[Wikipedia:IEEE_754-2008|IEEE754]] float, that's
the normal kind of floating point you see on current computers, has 24
bits of resolution, but a seven bit floating-point exponent increases
the representable range. Floating point usually represents zero
decibels as +/-1.0, and because floats can obviously represent
considerably beyond that, temporarily exceeding zero decibels during
the mixing process doesn't cause clipping. Floating-point PCM takes
up more space, so it tends to be used only as an intermediate
production format.

Lastly, most general purpose computers still read and
write data in octet bytes, so it's important to remember that samples
bigger than eight bits can be in [[Wikipedia:Endianness|big- or little-endian order]], and both
endiannesses are common. For example, Microsoft [[Wikipedia:WAV|WAV]] files are little-endian,
and Apple [[Wikipedia:AIFC|AIFC]] files tend to be big-endian. Be aware of it.

===Channels===
[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Raw_.28digital_audio.29_meat|Discuss this section]]

The third PCM parameter is the number of [[Wikipedia:Multichannel_audio|channels]].
The convention in raw PCM is to encode multiple channels by interleaving the samples of each channel together into a single stream.
Straightforward and extensible.

===Done!===
And that's it! That describes every PCM representation ever. Done.
Digital audio is ''so easy''! There's more to do of course, but at this
point we've got a nice useful chunk of audio data, so let's get some
video too.

<center><div style="background-color:#DDDDFF;border-color:#CCCCDD;border-style:solid;width:80%;padding:0 1em 1em 1em;text-align:left;">
'''Going deeper…'''
* [[Wikipedia:Roll-off|Wikipedia's article on filter roll-off]], to learn why it's hard to build analog filters with a very narrow [[Wikipedia:Transition_band|transition band]] between the [[Wikipedia:Passband|passband]] and the [[Wikipedia:Stopband|stopband]]. Filters that achieve such hard edges often do so at the expense of increased [[Wikipedia:Ripple_(filters)#Frequency-domain_ripple|ripple]] and [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~ashon/audio/phase/phaseaud2.htm phase distortion].
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=PCM Some more minutiae] about PCM in practice.
* [[Wikipedia:DPCM|DPCM]] and [[Wikipedia:ADPCM|ADPCM]], simple audio codecs loosely inspired by PCM.
</div></center>

==Video Vegetables (they're good for you!)==
[[Image:Dmpfg_010.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

One could think of video as being like audio but with two additional
spatial dimensions, X and Y, in addition to the dimension of time.
This is mathematically sound. The Sampling Theorem applies to all
three video dimensions just as it does the single time dimension of
audio.

Audio and video are obviously quite different in practice. For one,
compared to audio, video is huge. [[Wikipedia:Red_Book_(audio_Compact_Disc_standard)#Technical_details|Raw CD audio]] is about 1.4 megabits
per second. Raw [[Wikipedia:1080i|1080i]] HD video is over 700 megabits per second. That's
more than 500 times more data to capture, process, and store per
second. By [[Wikipedia:Moore's_law|Moore's law]]... that's... let's see... roughly eight
doublings times two years, so yeah, computers requiring about an extra
fifteen years to handle raw video after getting raw audio down pat was
about right.

Basic raw video is also just more complex than basic raw audio. The
sheer volume of data currently necessitates a representation more
efficient than the linear PCM used for audio. In addition, electronic
video comes almost entirely from broadcast television alone, and the
standards committees that govern broadcast video have always been very
concerned with backward compatibility. Up until just last year in the
US, a sixty-year-old black and white television could still show a
normal [[Wikipedia:NTSC|analog television broadcast]]. That's actually a really neat
trick.

The downside to backward compatibility is that once a detail makes it
into a standard, you can't ever really throw it out again. Electronic
video has never started over from scratch the way audio has multiple
times. Sixty years worth of clever but obsolete hacks necessitated by
the passing technology of a given era have built up into quite a pile,
and because digital standards also come from broadcast television, all
these eldritch hacks have been brought forward into the digital
standards as well.

In short, there are a whole lot more details involved in digital video
than there were with audio. There's no hope of covering them
all completely here, so we'll cover the broad fundamentals.

===Resolution and Aspect===
[[Image:Dmpfg_011.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

The most obvious raw video parameters are the width and height of the
picture in pixels. As simple as that may sound, the pixel dimensions
alone don't actually specify the absolute width and height of the
picture, as most broadcast-derived video doesn't use square pixels.
The number of [[Wikipedia:Scan_line|scanlines]] in a broadcast image was fixed, but the
effective number of horizontal pixels was a function of channel
[[Wikipedia:Bandwidth_(signal_processing)|bandwidth]]. Effective horizontal resolution could result in pixels that
were either narrower or wider than the spacing between scanlines.

Standards have generally specified that digitally sampled video should
reflect the real resolution of the original analog source, so a large
amount of digital video also uses non-square pixels. For example, a
normal 4:3 aspect NTSC DVD is typically encoded with a display
resolution of [[Wikipedia:DVD-Video#Frame_size_and_frame_rate|704 by 480]], a ratio wider than 4:3. In this case, the
pixels themselves are assigned an aspect ratio of [[Wikipedia:Standard-definition_television#Resolution|10:11]], making them
taller than they are wide and narrowing the image horizontally to the
correct aspect. Such an image has to be resampled to show properly on
a digital display with square pixels.

===Frame Rate and Interlacing===
[[Image:Dmpfg_012.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

The second obvious video parameter is the [[Wikipedia:Frame_rate|frame rate]], the number of
full frames per second. Several standard frame rates are in active
use. Digital video, in one form or another, can use all of them. Or,
any other frame rate. Or even variable rates where the frame rate
changes adaptively over the course of the video. The higher the frame
rate, the smoother the motion and that brings us, unfortunately, to
[[Wikipedia:Interlace|interlacing]].

In the very earliest days of broadcast video, engineers sought the
fastest practical frame rate to smooth motion and to minimize [[Wikipedia:Flicker_(screen)|flicker]]
on phosphor-based [[Wikipedia:Cathode_ray_tube|CRTs]]. They were also under pressure to use the
least possible bandwidth for the highest resolution and fastest frame
rate. Their solution was to interlace the video where the even lines
are sent in one pass and the odd lines in the next. Each pass is
called a field and two fields sort of produce one complete frame.
"Sort of", because the even and odd fields aren't actually from the
same source frame. In a 60 field per second picture, the source frame
rate is actually 60 full frames per second, and half of each frame,
every other line, is simply discarded. This is why we can't
[[Wikipedia:Deinterlacing|deinterlace]] a video simply by combining two fields into one frame;
they're not actually from one frame to begin with.
 

===Gamma and its Correction===
[[Image:Dmpfg_013.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

The cathode ray tube was the only available display technology for
most of the history of electronic video. A CRT's output brightness is
nonlinear, approximately equal to the input controlling voltage raised
to the 2.5th power. This exponent, 2.5, is designated gamma, and so
it's often referred to as the gamma of a display. Cameras, though,
are linear, and if you feed a CRT a linear input signal, it looks a
bit like this.

As there were originally to be very few cameras, which were
fantastically expensive anyway, and hopefully many, many television
sets which best be as inexpensive as possible, engineers decided to
add the necessary [[Wikipedia:Gamma_correction|gamma correction]] circuitry to the cameras rather
than the sets. Video transmitted over the airwaves would thus have a
nonlinear intensity using the inverse of the set's gamma exponent, so that
once a camera's signal was finally displayed on the CRT, the overall
response of the system from camera to set was back to linear again.

Almost.

There were also two other tweaks. A television camera actually uses a
gamma exponent that's the inverse of 2.2, not 2.5. That's just a
correction for viewing in a dim environment. Also, the exponential
curve transitions to a linear ramp near black. That's just an old
hack for suppressing sensor noise in the camera.

Gamma correction also had a lucky benefit. It just so happens that the
human eye has a perceptual gamma of about 3. This is relatively close
to the CRT's gamma of 2.5. An image using gamma correction devotes
more resolution to lower intensities, where the eye happens to have
its finest intensity discrimination, and therefore uses the available
scale resolution more efficiently. Although CRTs are currently
vanishing, a standard [[Wikipedia:sRGB|sRGB]] computer display still uses a nonlinear
intensity curve similar to television, with a linear ramp near black,
followed by an exponential curve with a gamma exponent of 2.4. This
encodes a sixteen bit linear range down into eight bits.

===Color and Colorspace===
[[Image:Dmpfg_014.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

The human eye has three apparent color channels, red, green, and blue,
and most displays use these three colors as [[Wikipedia:Additive_color|additive primaries]] to
produce a full range of color output. The primary pigments in
printing are [[Wikipedia:CMYK|Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow]] for the same reason; pigments
are [[Wikipedia:Subtractive_color|subtractive]], and each of these pigments subtracts one pure color
from reflected light. Cyan subtracts red, magenta subtracts green, and
yellow subtracts blue.

Video can be, and sometimes is, represented with red, green, and blue
color channels, but RGB video is atypical. The human eye is far more
sensitive to [[Wikipedia:Luminance_(relative)|luminosity]] than it is the color, and RGB tends to spread
the energy of an image across all three color channels. That is, the
red plane looks like a red version of the original picture, the green
plane looks like a green version of the original picture, and the blue
plane looks like a blue version of the original picture. Black and
white times three. Not efficient.

For those reasons and because, oh hey, television just happened to
start out as black and white anyway, video usually is represented as a
high resolution [[Wikipedia:Luma_(video)|luma channel]]—the black & white—along with
additional, often lower resolution [[Wikipedia:Chrominance|chroma channels]], the color. The
luma channel, Y, is produced by weighting and then adding the separate
red, green and blue signals. The chroma channels U and V are then
produced by subtracting the luma signal from blue and the luma signal
from red.

When YUV is scaled, offset, and quantized for digital video, it's
usually more correctly called [[Wikipedia:Y'CbCr|Y'CbCr]], but the more generic term YUV is
widely used to describe all the analog and digital variants of this
color model.

===Chroma Subsampling===
[[Image:Dmpfg_015.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

The U and V chroma channels can have the same resolution as the Y
channel, but because the human eye has far less spatial color
resolution than spatial luminosity resolution, chroma resolution is
usually [[Wikipedia:Chroma_subsampling|halved or even quartered]] in the horizontal direction, the
vertical direction, or both, usually without any significant impact on the
apparent raw image quality. Practically every possible subsampling
variant has been used at one time or another, but the common choices
today are [[Wikipedia:Chroma_subsampling#4:4:4_Y.27CbCr|4:4:4]] video, which isn't actually subsampled at all, [[Wikipedia:Chroma_subsampling#4:2:2|4:2:2]] video in
which the horizontal resolution of the U and V channels is halved, and
most common of all, [[Wikipedia:Chroma_subsampling#4:2:0|4:2:0]] video in which both the horizontal and vertical
resolutions of the chroma channels are halved, resulting in U and V
planes that are each one quarter the size of Y.

The terms 4:2:2, 4:2:0, [[Wikipedia:Chroma_subsampling#4:1:1|4:1:1]], and so on and so forth, aren't complete
descriptions of a chroma subsampling. There's multiple possible ways
to position the chroma pixels relative to luma, and again, several
variants are in active use for each subsampling. For example, [[Wikipedia:Motion_Jpeg|motion
JPEG]], [[Wikipedia:MPEG-1#Part_2:_Video|MPEG-1 video]], [[Wikipedia:MPEG-2#Video_coding_.28simplified.29|MPEG-2 video]], [[Wikipedia:DV#DV_Compression|DV]], [[Wikipedia:Theora|Theora]], and [[Wikipedia:WebM|WebM]] all use or can
use 4:2:0 subsampling, but they site the chroma pixels [http://www.mir.com/DMG/chroma.html three different ways].

Motion JPEG, MPEG-1 video, Theora and WebM all site chroma pixels
between luma pixels both horizontally and vertically.

MPEG-2 sites chroma pixels between lines, but horizontally aligned with
every other luma pixel. Interlaced modes complicate things somewhat,
resulting in a siting arrangement that's a tad bizarre.

And finally PAL-DV, which is always interlaced, places the chroma
pixels in the same position as every other luma pixel in the
horizontal direction, and vertically alternates chroma channel on
each line.

That's just 4:2:0 video. I'll leave the other subsamplings as homework for the
viewer. Got the basic idea, moving on.

===Pixel Formats===
[[Image:Dmpfg_016.jpg|360px|right]]

[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Video_vegetables_.28they.27re_good_for_you.21.29|Discuss this section]]

In audio, we always represent multiple channels in a PCM stream by
interleaving the samples from each channel in order. Video uses both
packed formats that interleave the color channels, as well as planar
formats that keep the pixels from each channel together in separate
planes stacked in order in the frame. There are at least [http://www.fourcc.org/yuv.php 50 different formats] in
these two broad categories with possibly ten or fifteen in common use.

Each chroma subsampling and different bit-depth requires a different
packing arrangement, and so a different pixel format. For a given
unique subsampling, there are usually also several equivalent formats
that consist of trivial channel order rearrangements or repackings, due either to
convenience once-upon-a-time on some particular piece of hardware, or
sometimes just good old-fashioned spite.

Pixels formats are described by a unique name or [[Wikipedia:FourCC|fourcc]] code. There
are quite a few of these and there's no sense going over each one now.
Google is your friend. Be aware that fourcc codes for raw video
specify the pixel arrangement and chroma subsampling, but generally
don't imply anything certain about chroma siting or color space. [http://www.fourcc.org/yuv.php#YV12 YV12]
video to pick one, can use JPEG, MPEG-2 or DV chroma siting, and any
one of [[Wikipedia:YUV#BT.709_and_BT.601|several YUV colorspace definitions]].
 

===Done!===

That wraps up our not-so-quick and yet very incomplete tour of raw
video. The good news is we can already get quite a lot of real work
done using that overview. In plenty of situations, a frame of video
data is a frame of video data. The details matter, greatly, when it
come time to write software, but for now I am satisfied that the
esteemed viewer is broadly aware of the relevant issues.

<center><div style="background-color:#DDDDFF;border-color:#CCCCDD;border-style:solid;width:80%;padding:0 1em 1em 1em;text-align:left;">
'''Going deeper…'''
* YCbCr is defined in terms of RGB by the ITU in two incompatible standards: [[Wikipedia:Rec. 601|Rec. 601]] and [[Wikipedia:Rec. 709|Rec. 709]]. Both conversion standards are lossy, which has prompted some to adopt a lossless alternative called [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=YCoCg YCoCg].
* Learn about [[Wikipedia:High_dynamic_range_imaging|high dynamic range imaging]], which achieves better representation of the full range of brightnesses in the real world by using more than 8 bits per channel.
* Learn about how [[Wikipedia:Trichromatic_vision|trichromatic color vision]] works in humans, and how human color perception is encoded in the [[Wikipedia:CIE 1931 color space|CIE 1931 XYZ color space]].
** Compare with the [[Wikipedia:Lab_color_space|Lab color space]], mathematically equivalent but structured to account for "perceptual uniformity".
** If we were all [[Wikipedia:Dichromacy|dichromats]] then video would only need two color channels. Some humans might be [[Wikipedia:Tetrachromacy#Possibility_of_human_tetrachromats|tetrachromats]], in which case they would need an additional color channel for video to fully represent their vision.
** [http://www.xritephoto.com/ph_toolframe.aspx?action=coloriq Test your color vision] (or at least your monitor).
</div></center>

==Containers==
[[Image:Dmpfg_017.jpg|360px|right]]
[[Talk:A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)#Containers|Discuss this section]]

So. We have audio data. We have video data. What remains is the more
familiar non-signal data and straight-up engineering that software
developers are used to, and plenty of it.

Chunks of raw audio and video data have no externally-visible
structure, but they're often uniformly sized. We could just string
them together in a rigid predetermined ordering for streaming and
storage, and some simple systems do approximately that. Compressed
frames, though, aren't necessarily a predictable size, and we usually want
some flexibility in using a range of different data types in streams.
If we string random formless data together, we lose the boundaries
that separate frames and don't necessarily know what data belongs to
which streams. A stream needs some generalized structure to be
generally useful.

In addition to our signal data, we also have our PCM and video
parameters. There's probably plenty of other [[Wikipedia:Metadata#Video|metadata]] we also want to
deal with, like audio tags and video chapters and subtitles, all
essential components of rich media. It makes sense to place this
metadata—that is, data about the data—within the media itself.

Storing and structuring formless data and disparate metadata is the
job of a [[Wikipedia:Container_format_(digital)|container]]. Containers provide framing for the data blobs,
interleave and identify multiple data streams, provide timing
information, and store the metadata necessary to parse, navigate,
manipulate, and present the media. In general, any container can hold
any kind of data. And data can be put into any container.

<center><div style="background-color:#DDDDFF;border-color:#CCCCDD;border-style:solid;width:80%;padding:0 1em 1em 1em;text-align:left;">
'''Going deeper…'''
* There are several common general-purpose container formats: [[Wikipedia:Audio_Video_Interleave|AVI]], [[Wikipedia:Matroska|Matroska]], [[Wikipedia:Ogg|Ogg]], [[Wikipedia:QuickTime_File_Format|QuickTime]], and [[Wikipedia:Comparison_of_container_formats|many others]]. These can contain and interleave many different types of media streams.
* Some special-purpose containers have been designed that can only hold one format:
** [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=YUV4MPEG2 The y4m format] is the most common single-purpose container for raw YUV video. It can also be stored in a general-purpose container, for example in Ogg using [[OggYUV]].
** MP3 files use a [[Wikipedia:MP3#File_structure|special single-purpose file format]].
** [[Wikipedia:WAV|WAV]] and [[Wikipedia:AIFC|AIFC]] are semi-single-purpose formats. They're audio-only, and typically contain raw PCM audio, but are occasionally used to store other kinds of audio data ... even MP3!
</div></center>

 

==Credits==
[[Image:Dmpfg_018.jpg|360px|right]]
[[Image:Dmpfg_019.png|360px|right]]

In the past thirty minutes, we've covered digital audio, video, some
history, some math and a little engineering. We've barely scratched the
surface, but it's time for a well-earned break.

There's so much more to talk about, so I hope you'll join me again in
our next episode. Until then—Cheers!

Written by:
Christopher (Monty) Montgomery
and the Xiph.Org Community

Intro, title and credits music: 
"Boo Boo Coming", by Joel Forrester 
Performed by the [http://microscopicseptet.com/ Microscopic Septet] 
Used by permission of Cuneiform Records. 
Original source track All Rights Reserved. 
[http://www.cuneiformrecords.com www.cuneiformrecords.com]

This Video Was Produced Entirely With Free and Open Source Software: 

[https://www.gnu.org/ GNU] 
[http://www.linux.org/ Linux] 
[https://fedoraproject.org/ Fedora] 
[http://cinelerra.org/ Cinelerra] 
[https://www.gimp.org/ The Gimp] 
[https://sourceforge.net/projects/audacity/ Audacity] 
[https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph/postfish/-/blob/master/README.md Postfish] 
[https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/ Gstreamer] 

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

''Complete video'' [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode CC-BY-NC-SA] 
''Text transcript and Wiki edition'' [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode CC-BY-SA] 

A Co-Production of [https://xiph.org/ Xiph.Org] and [https://www.redhat.com/ Red Hat Inc.] 
(C) 2010, Some Rights Reserved

<center>''[[/making|Learn more about the making of this video…]]''</center>

XiphInfra:GitLab VM

2025-09-27T23:00:54Z

EPirat: /* IP blocks */

== AI Scraper Blocking (Anubis) ==

To help with the recent flood of AI scrapers on the Xiph GitLab instance, which made it return 50x errors
most of the time due to being hopelessly overloaded, Anubis was deployed which tries to identify these
and presents a challenge for them to solve or blocks them outright.

If you encounter issues due to this as legitimate user, please contact ePirat on IRC.

== IP blocks ==
We have a number of IP ranges blocked to prevent huge amounts of spam to the GitLab instance.

The IP blocks are configured in <code>/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb</code> in the <code>nginx['custom_gitlab_server_config']</code> option. Additionally there is a custom error page for when the IP is blocked, which is stored at <code>/var/www/html/gitlab-ipblock.html</code>.

After making changes to the <code>gitlab.rb</code>, you need to run <code>sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure</code> for the changes to be applied to the actual config files. '''Under no circumstances edit the generated config files directly''', always use the <code>gitlab.rb</code> config.

In case you made an error in the configuration and something is not working as expected or some components, for example nginx, are not starting anymore, you can use <code>sudo gitlab-ctl tail</code> to view logs.

Icecast Server/Installing latest version (official Xiph repositories)

2022-03-31T18:31:28Z

EPirat: /* Step 2: Import the Multimedia signing key */

Xiph.org provides the latest version of Icecast packaged for [https://build.opensuse.org/package/repositories/multimedia:xiph/icecast various distributions]. The packages are built centrally from [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/multimedia:xiph/icecast one set of sources] on the [https://build.opensuse.org/ openSUSE OpenBuildService instance] in the [https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/multimedia:xiph Multimedia/Xiph.org project].

Packages are usually available on release day. Packaging follows closely the original distro packaging to stay a seamless drop in replacement. The packages are meant for users who need the latest version of Icecast or HTTPS support, while their distribution doesn't provide it.

== Debian and Ubuntu (in all its flavors) ==
It takes 4 simple commands to install the latest Icecast version on a deb based distro.

==== Step 1: Add the repository ====
This expects that you have '''sudo''' installed. If not, open a root shell and run the '''echo''' command directly.

Copy and paste the command for your distribution release and make sure that it's executed as '''one''' line!

{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|Debian Testing
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_Testing/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_Testing/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 10 (buster)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_10/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 9.0 (stretch)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 8.0 (jessie)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_8.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_8.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 7.0 (wheezy)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_7.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_7.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Ubuntu 14.04 (trusty)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_14.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_14.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>
|-
|Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_16.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_16.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>
|-
|Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|Ubuntu 18.10 (cosmic)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.10/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_19.10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_19.10/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|source package, any deb distro
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb-src http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ repository]
| actually available for ''all'' repository URLs
|-
|Linux Mint:
|Use the information listed above for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_Mint_releases#Release_history corresponding Ubuntu release].
|}

==== Step 2: Import the ''Multimedia'' signing key ====
You need to add the [http://icecast.org/multimedia-obs.key openSUSE OBS '''Multimedia''' signing key] as a Trusted Key to your system.

There are many ways to verify this key, e.g. by a simple web search.

After downloading the key, you can run this command to verify your copy:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">gpg multimedia-obs.key</syntaxhighlight>

It should yield:

pub rsa2048 2017-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2024-06-07]
<nowiki> 0E313DB7936B4E76E720065B77EC2301F23C6AA3</nowiki>
uid multimedia OBS Project <multimedia@build.opensuse.org>

Then you can add the key to your system's Trusted Keys using:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-key add multimedia-obs.key</syntaxhighlight>

The simplest way (but not very secure, since you're not checking the key) is to add the key with one command line:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">wget -qO - http://icecast.org/multimedia-obs.key | sudo apt-key add -</syntaxhighlight>

==== Step 3: Update your repository index ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-get update</syntaxhighlight>
==== Step 4: Install Icecast ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-get install icecast2</syntaxhighlight>

== RedHat and its derivatives ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|EPEL6 (RHEL 6/CentOS 6)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/CentOS_6 repository]
|
|-
|EPEL7 (RHEL 7/CentOS 7)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/CentOS_7 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora 27
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_27 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora 28
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_28 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora Rawhide
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_Rawhide repository]
|
|-

|}

== openSUSE ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 SP4
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_11_SP4 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 12
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_12 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP4
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_12_SP4 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_15 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Leap 42.3
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Leap_42.3 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Leap 15.0
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Leap_15.0 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Tumbleweed
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Tumbleweed repository]
|
|-

|}

== Footnotes ==
<references/>
[[Category: Icecast]]

XiphInfra:GitLab VM

2021-05-28T12:16:25Z

EPirat:

== IP blocks ==
We have a number of IP ranges blocked to prevent huge amounts of spam to the GitLab instance.

The IP blocks are configured in <code>/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb</code> in the <code>nginx['custom_gitlab_server_config']</code> option. Additionally there is a custom error page for when the IP is blocked, which is stored at <code>/var/www/html/gitlab-ipblock.html</code>.

After making changes to the <code>gitlab.rb</code>, you need to run <code>sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure</code> for the changes to be applied to the actual config files. '''Under no circumstances edit the generated config files directly''', always use the <code>gitlab.rb</code> config.

In case you made an error in the configuration and something is not working as expected or some components, for example nginx, are not starting anymore, you can use <code>sudo gitlab-ctl tail</code> to view logs.

XiphInfra:GitLab VM

2021-05-28T12:13:30Z

EPirat:

XiphInfra:GitLab VM

2021-05-28T12:11:17Z

EPirat: Created page with "== IP blocks == We have a number of IP ranges blocked to prevent huge amounts of spam to the GitLab instance. The IP blocks are configured in <code>/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb</cod..."

XiphInfra:List of services

2021-05-28T12:08:39Z

EPirat:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Service
! URL
! VM
! Host
! Maintainer(s)
|-
| [[AreWeCompressedYet]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://arewecompressedyet.com
| awcy
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| TD-Linux
|-
| Git Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://git.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| ePirat, rillian
|-
| Home Pages
| style="text-align:right;"| https://people.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
|
|-
| [[Icecast]] Streams
| style="text-align:right;"| http://dir.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| tbr
|-
| [[Icecast]] Streams (Beta)
| style="text-align:right;"| http://dir-test.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| Jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/
| jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| TD-Linux
|-
| Mail
| style="text-align:right;"| xiph.org
| mailfish
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| MailMan
| style="text-align:right;"| http://lists.xiph.org
| mailfish
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| Media
| style="text-align:right;"| https://media.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| beaufish
| TD-Linux, rillian
|-
| Opus Boodler Streams
| style="text-align:right;"| https://opus-codec.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| gmaxwell
|-
| Rietveld
| style="text-align:right;"| https://review.xiph.org
| jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| TD-Linux
|-
| Social
| style="text-align:right;"| https://social.xiph.org
| social
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| tbr
|-
| Subversion Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://svn.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| rillian
|-
| Trac Bug Tracker
| style="text-align:right;"| https://trac.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| tbr
|-
| [[XiphWiki:Features|Wiki]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://wiki.xiph.org
| [[XiphInfra:Wiki VM|wiki]]
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat
|-
| Xiph Mirror Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://github.com/xiph
|
|
| ePirat, rillian
|-
| XiphBot-ng
| style="text-align:right;"| XiphWiki on freenode.net
|
| style="text-align:right;"| mf4
| TD-Linux
|-
| [[XiphInfra:Gitlab|Gitlab]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://gitlab.xiph.org
| [[XiphInfra:GitLab VM|gitlab]]
| style="text-align:right;"| catfish
| ePirat, tbr, TD-Linux, rillian
|}

==External services==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Service
! URL
! Users with admin rights
|-
| Github
| style="text-align:right;"| https://github.com
| TD-Linux, unlord, ePirat
|}

<noinclude>See the [[XiphInfra:Overview|Overview]] page for more information.</noinclude>

User:Ph3-der-loewe

2021-03-03T09:28:23Z

EPirat: EPirat moved page User:Ph3-der-loewe to User:Phschafft: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "Ph3-der-loewe" to "Phschafft"

#REDIRECT [[User:Phschafft]]

User:Phschafft

2021-03-03T09:28:23Z

EPirat: EPirat moved page User:Ph3-der-loewe to User:Phschafft: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "Ph3-der-loewe" to "Phschafft"

=== Name & Species ===
ph3-der-loewe (even if the wiki uses 'Ph3-der-loewe'), a cuddly lion speaking natively German and some English.

=== Xiph Projects ===
[[Icecast]].

=== Non Xiph Projects ===
* [http://roaraudio.keep-cool.org/ RoarAudio] Digital Audio mixing for radio and TV stations
* [http://raum.keep-cool.org/ RAUM] Container format for applications where Ogg is not suitable.

=== Contact ===
I'm reached best via IRC (ph3-der-loewe @ IRC @ PH2, Freenode, furnet, qnet, ...) or by E-Mail. For contact details see my homepage.

=== Websites ===
* [http://lion.leolix.org/ Homepage]

Summer of Code 2021

2021-03-02T02:22:17Z

EPirat: Make formatting consistent with the rest of the page

== Introduction ==

This year Xiph.org is focusing on the rav1e AV1 encoder for its GSoC participation. Both video and still images are currently hot topics, especially with the recent support of AVIF within browsers.

Below you'll find the description for the following GSoC project ideas around the rav1e project.

If you want to know more about a particular idea, please get in touch with the people listed under "possible mentors". While no guarantee, that the person will be the actual mentor for the task, they know it and will be happy to answer your questions.

In our previous participation we focused a lot on our multimedia codec projects. This turned out to be very challenging for students. So this year we're not offering project ideas from those. If you're a student interested in codec work, have previous experience in it and are confident, that you can convince us, you're welcome to get in touch.
----

== Detailed Project Descriptions ==

These ideas were suggested by various members of the developer community as projects that would be beneficial and which we feel we can mentor. Students should feel free to select one of these, develop a variation, or propose their own ideas. Here, ideally.

----
=== rav1e-by-gop integration ===

rav1e-by-gop is an extended command line encoder that provides additional encoding strategies such as by-gop parallel encoding across multiple machines.

==== Problem / Intro ====

rav1e-by-gop is currently a command line program, some users might want to enjoy on the extended features from other programs even if they do not always belong to an encoder.

==== Solution / Task ====

make rav1e-by-gop expose the same API of the normal rav1e to make easy to use the multiple machine encoding features from other programs.

==== Requirements ====

The student should be familiar with Rust or C programming. 
Video knowledge is not strictly necessary, however a basic understanding of the concepts is vastly beneficial.

==== Possible Mentors ====

[[User:Tdaede]] [[User:Lu_zero]]

----
=== Support WebAssembly SIMD ===

rav1e supports the WASI target and it has a javascript API binding relying on it.

==== Problem / Intro ====

The WebAssembly SIMD is getting closer to be available, we should support it.

==== Solution / Task ====

Implement SIMD routines for the platform.

==== Requirements ====

The student should be familiar with Rust, WASM, wasmtime and related tools.

==== Possible Mentors ====

[[User:Lu_zero]]
----
=== Extend av-metrics ===

av-metrics is a collection of video quality metrics.

==== Problem / Intro ====

av-metrics does not implement extended metrics such as VMAF and support rate-distortion evaluation.

==== Solution / Task ====

Implement additional metrics and add an API to simplify the rate-distortion evaluation.
Develop additional command line tools to simplify benchmarking.

==== Requirements ====

The student should be familiar with Rust and C.

==== Possible Mentors ====

[[User:Lu_zero]]
----
=== Grain synthesis implementation inside of the rav1e encoder ===

Grain synthesis is using the idea of modeling noise temporally and spatially using noise estimation.

==== Problem / Intro ====

Keeping high frequency detail and noise(dithering, camera noise, grain) using traditional encoder techniques is very expensive in terms of bitrate allocation, and some tools implemented to take care of that problem can create additional artifacts that are not pleasing to the general viewer experience, or are detrimental to the fidelity of the image.

==== Solution / Task ====

Implementing grain synthesis that models the noise parameters of a video, and applies the generated noise parameters during the decoding process, saving very high amounts of bitrates and providing a very high subjective visual fidelity and appeal.

Making it faster than other forms of grain synthesis via smarter algorithms and using various forms of threading to speed up its application, such as tile threading and integration with rav1e-by-gop, making it possible to use as part of any encoding workflow. This will make sure adoption of the technique becomes as widespread as possible.

==== Requirements ====

The student should be familiar with Rust and C, and must have a light background in general visual media encoding, such as video and image compression.
Complexity: Medium.

==== Possible Mentors ====

[[User:Lu_zero]] && XX

----
=== Adaptive quantization ===

Adaptive quantization is the process of an algorithm trying to efficiently allocate bitrate among the various macroblocks found in a frame by varying the quantizer across each of them according to different visual targets.

==== Problem / Intro ====

Often times, an encoder does not know about the best way to allocate the bitrate budget across a frame, and may overspend a considerable amount of bitrate te regions that might not benefit from a low quantizer(low amounts of distortion, so less compression) while not giving enough bitrate to zones that might actually need it. This can even cause issues temporally, as bitrate allocation within a group of frames(GOPs) may be skewed towards more complex and high motion frames, while leaving other frames with barely any bitrate to work with, creating visual artifacts such as blocking and banding.

==== Solution / Task ====

Implementing 1-3 forms on adaptive quantization either based on variance, complexity and/or variance variance with a bias in low contrast frames in rav1e. This will make bitrate allocation more efficient, and avoid bitrate overspending in areas which either need the lower quantizer to avoid the presence of lower quality frames that might detract from the viewer experience, and make objective/subjective quality targets easier to achieved. The combination of powerful adaptive quantization and grain synthesis would allow for a higher subjective quality viewing experience at lower bitrates while potentially lowering computational complexity by a good margin.

Making a smart adaptive AQ mode in which the encoder chooses which adaptive quantization algorithm to use depending on the scene featured in a GOP. Potentially difficult.

==== Requirements ====

The student should be familiar with Rust and C, and having a background in general visual media encoding, such as video and image compression is recommended.

Difficulty: Medium depending on which targets the student chooses to follow

==== Possible Mentors ====

[[User:Lu_zero]] && XX
----
=== Visual metric targeting in rav1e-by-gop ===

Objective metrics are used to evaluate an encoder's performance in a diverse set of scenarios. Different metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, DSSIM, VMAF and some closed no-reference metrics are used in the field to record encoder performance changes across versions trying to correlate closely with human perception.

==== Problem / Intro ====

Classical methods of rate control such as ABR(Average BitRate), fixed quantizers and even CRF(Constant Rate Factor) have the issue of not targeting a certain quality level. This can result in starved encodes where the bitrate budget has to be kept low to stay watchable by the viewer without interruption, leading to scenes that have exceptionally good visual targets by overspending bitrate, and scenes that have very poor visual appeal by having too little bitrate, detracting from the viewer experience entirely. More advanced forms of rate control like CRF help somewhat, but they still have the issue of having to overshoot so the lower quality scenes do not suffer, and do not adapt to the different type of content encoded, resulting in variable quality encodes.

==== Solution / Task ====

Implementing visual metric targeting based on VMAF(mainly used for video) and butteraugli(mainly used for images) as part of rav1e-by-gop as a secondary rate control option.

The application of visual metric targeting in rav1e-by-gop would take advantage of its adaptive keyframe placement and smart scene detection to its fullest.
This would allow for the best rate control possible, as short scenes in the length of 1-15s are where visual metrics such as VMAF shine the most. The idea is to encode first with a very fast speed preset in the encoder to gauge the quality at a prefixed quantizer. If the visual metric target set is not achieved, the encoder tries again once or twice until it gets the right result.
With this method, instead of targeting an average of bitrate, you would target a visual score, getting higher efficiency and higher subjective quality. This would also be advantageous in terms of encoding time spent, as encoder complexity could be dialed back while keeping overall efficiency the same or higher, with efficiency being a function of both encoder efficiency and rate control.

Implementing butteraugli quality targeting as an option using rav1e for AVIF images. Since visual quality requirements are considerably higher for intra only(image only) media, keeping high visual fidelity is even more important than video compression. Quality targeting iterations would also be quite useful here.

==== Requirements ====

The student should be familiar with Rust and C. General interest in image and video coding is recommended

Difficulty: Low-medium.

==== Possible Mentors ====

[[User:Lu_zero]] && XX
----

XiphInfra:Wiki VM

2021-02-26T23:46:13Z

EPirat: /* Add Wiki Account */

{{Infobox Server
|title=Wiki VM
|maintainer=ePirat
|host=mf4
|ips=192.168.2.180
|service=Wiki
|url=https://wiki.xiph.org}}

As the name suggests, the Wiki VM runs this [http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki] instance.

It runs an Apache2 server with a PHP module. In front of it is a reverse proxy (nginx) running on Catfish.
If you need to add or adjust things like headers and the HTTPS redirect, check the nginx config on Catfish, not the Apache2 config.

The current version of MediaWiki and the installed Modules can be found [[Special:Version|here]].

== Add Wiki Account ==
<div style="background-color: #B4CFEC; padding: 5px; border: 1px #888 solid;">Currently, account creation on the Wiki is disabled due to massive amounts of spam. Therefore, until we find a solution for this, Users are asked to go to the #xiph IRC channel and ask for an account there, which a wiki sysop has to create.</div>

Below is an excerpt from the MediaWiki Page, describing how to create an Account:

# Go to {{Special:UserLogin}}, when logged in as a [[Special:ListUsers/sysop|sysop]].
# Click on "Create an account" link to get to the account creation form.
# Enter a username and an email address, and click the "by email" button. Note you need <code>$wgEnableEmail=true</code> or else the sysop must pick a password and send it to the user.
# The account will be created with a random password which is then emailed to the given address (as with the "forgot password" feature). The user will be requested to change password at first login; when he does this, his e-mail address will also be marked as confirmed.
#:When you click the "create account" button instead, you have to manually send the user his password. If you've set <code>$wgMinimalPasswordLength</code> and you've left the password field blank, the user will be emailed an e-mail address confirmation request but will be unable to access {{Special:Confirmemail}} to perform the confirmation. Instead, the user will get an error (unless you've added it to <code>$wgWhitelistRead</code>); the user will be able to login with a blank password and then confirm email, but their password will not have been reset (it will have to be reset manually).

== Important Modules ==
These are the most important modules that we have in use:

=== Math and Mathoid ===
The [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math Math] module allows us to use equations similar to LaTeX:

<code><nowiki><math>E=mc^2</math></nowiki></code> will display as <math>E=mc^2</math>

The extension uses Mathoid to render equations, this is how it's configured:

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
/* Math */
$wgUseTeX = true;
$wgTexvc = "$IP/extensions/Math/math/texvc";
$wgMathPath = "{$wgUploadPath}/math";
$wgMathDirectory = "{$wgUploadDirectory}/math";
$wgMathMathMLUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:10042";
$wgMathValidModes = array(MW_MATH_MATHML, MW_MATH_PNG, MW_MATH_SOURCE);

/* Set Mathoid as default rendering option */
$wgDefaultUserOptions['math'] = MW_MATH_MATHML;
</syntaxhighlight>

More information about the config can be found on the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math/advancedSettings Math/advancedSettings] page.

Once the Math extension is configured, it needs Mathoid to render MathML and SVGs.
It's a bit tricky to install so have a look at the short guide below:

==== Fetch the source code ====

cd /opt/
git clone https://github.com/wikimedia/mathoid

==== Install a relatively new node.js version ====
The packaged version is probably too old, so you should download one from the [https://nodejs.org/en/download/ Node.js download page].
For example:

wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v4.2.4/node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.xz
tar xfv ./node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.xz
mv ./node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.xz /opt/node-v4.2.4

==== Add node binaries to your PATH ====

echo export PATH=/opt/node-v4.2.4/bin:$PATH >> ~/.bashrc

==== Install dependencies ====
Inside the mathoid folder, run:

npm install

==== Change config ====
Remove the default config symlink and create one for the prod config:

rm config.yaml
ln -s config.prod.yaml config.yaml

Adjust the config accordingly. Currently the config looks like this:

<syntaxhighlight lang="yaml">
# Number of worker processes to spawn.
# Set to 0 to run everything in a single process without clustering.
# Use 'ncpu' to run as many workers as there are CPU units
num_workers: ncpu

# Log error messages and gracefully restart a worker if v8 reports that it
# uses more heap (note: not RSS) than this many mb.
worker_heap_limit_mb: 500

# Logger info
logging:
level: warn
streams:
# Use gelf-stream -> logstash
#- type: gelf
# host: logstash1003.eqiad.wmnet
# port: 12201

# Statsd metrics reporter
metrics:
#type: statsd
#host: statsd.eqiad.wmnet
#port: 8125

services:
- name: mathoid
module: ./app.js
conf:
interface: 127.0.0.1
port: 10042
svg: true
img: false
texvcinfo: true
speech: true
sppechOn: false
</syntaxhighlight>

==== Try it ====
Let's try to start it:

npm start

If it starts successfully, go to a Wiki Page, edit it, add a simple equation and preview the page.
(Make sure to use a unique equation, as caching could prevent Mathoid from being used.)

If everything works as expected, write a systemd unit or such and start Mathoid with it, for production use.

==== Troubleshooting ====

Maybe useful for debugging, you can use curl to make a request to Mathoid like this:

curl -d 'q=E=fobarmc^2' http://127.0.0.1:10042/

If you get errors like <code>spawn java ENOENT</code> make sure you have set
img: false
in your config, otherwise it will try to use [http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik/download.html Apache™ Batik], which requires Java.
I guess not having PNGs is a fair tradeoff, if that saves us from having to use Java on the VM.

If there are problems while installing dependencies, make sure your nodejs version is recent enough.
You can try removing its modules and reinstalling them:

rm -rf ./node_modules
npm cache clear
npm install

=== SyntaxHighlight (GeSHi) ===
This is used to highlight code blocks:

<nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$foo = "bar";
</syntaxhighlight></nowiki>

will display as:

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$foo = "bar";
</syntaxhighlight>

Luckily, this one is much easier to install.
It does not (contrary to what the name suggests) depend on GeSHi anymore,
but has switched to [http://pygments.org Pygments], so make sure that is installed.

That's it! (Phew, much easier compared to Mathoid...)

People

2021-02-21T21:21:01Z

EPirat:

This page is meant to help with nickname-to-person lookup.
''Nickname'' can be a mail alias, an IRC nick, or a Subversion user — in most cases several of these.

Please help to fill this table. Keeping your own entry up to date is a good start.

{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
!colspan="3"| Who Is Who
|-
! Nickname
! Real name
! Keywords
|-
| arkadini
| Arek Korbik
| Quicktime, XiphQT
|-
| basilgohar
| Basil Mohamed Gohar
| opus, legal
|-
| ben
| Benjamin Gérard
| libao
|-
| BjornW
| Björn Wijers
| [[Spread Open Media]], [[XSPF]]
|-
| [[User:Conrad|conrad]]
| [http://blog.kfish.org/ Conrad Parker]
| see ''[[#nick_kfish|kfish]]''
|-
| derf
| [http://people.xiph.org/~tterribe/ Timothy B. Terriberry]
| theora, CELT, video, daala
|-
| dllmain
| Sebastian Pipping
| see ''[[#nick_sping|sping]]'', nick not used anymore
|-
| dm8tbr
| Thomas B. Rücker
| icecast
|-
| doublec
| Chris Double
| firefox, theora, Mozilla
|-
| drac667
| Cristian Adam
| DirectShow, oggcodecs, Windows
|-
| ds
| David Schleef
| theora, dirac, gstreamer
|-
| erikd
| Erik de Castro Lopo
| FLAC maintainer
|-
| [[User:EPirat|ePirat]]
| Marvin Scholz
| Sysadmin (Wiki, GitLab), Icecast, macOS
|-
| [[User:GChriss|gchriss]]
| George Chriss
| gstreamer, Elphel, event videography
|-
| giles
| [http://people.xiph.org/~giles/ Ralph Giles]
| see ''[[#nick_rillian|rillian]]''
|-
| gmaxwell
| Gregory Maxwell
| Wikimedia, CELT, theora, daala
|-
| gnafu
| Gideon Mayhak
| community, testing
|-
| [[User:Silvia|ginger]]
| Silvia Pfeiffer
| see ''[[#nick_nessy|nessy]]''
|-
| [[User:Imalone|imalone]]
| Ian Malone
| metadata
|-
| illiminable
| Zentaro Kavanagh
| DirectShow, dsfilters, Microsoft
|-
| [[User:Saoshyant|ivo]]
| Ivo Emanuel Gonçalves
| advocacy, [[Spread Open Media]], [[XSPF]], wiki mod, vorbis-tools
|-
| jack
| Jack Moffitt
| libao, treasurer, Icecast
|-
| jcoalson
| Josh Coalson
| FLAC author
|-
| j, j^
| Jan Gerber
| v2v, ffmpeg2theora, sysadmin
|-
| [[User:jmspeex|jmspeex]]
| [http://jmvalin.ca/ Jean-Marc Valin]
| Opus (CELT), Daala, Speex
|-
| jmworx
| Jean-Marc Valin
| see ''[[#nick_jmspeex|jmspeex]]''
|-
| JoeyBorn
| Joe Born
| neuros
|-
| karl
| Karl Heyes
| Icecast
|-
| [[User:Conrad|kfish]]
| [http://www.kfish.org/ Conrad Parker]
| annodex, fishsound, hogg, oggz, vorbis-tools
|-
| laser13
| Marcin Lubonski
| annodex, oggplay, win32
|-
| lgonze
| Lucas Gonze
| [[XSPF]]
|-
| lu_zero
| Luca Barbato
| RTP Vorbis, RTP Theora, Gentoo
|-
| maikmerten
| Maik Merten
| theora, java, macos
|-
| MikeS
| Michael Smith
| fluendo, gstreamer, sysadmin, IceS
|-
| Monty
| Christopher Montgomery
| see ''[[#nick_xiphmont|xiphmont]]''
|-
| msmith
| Michael Smith
| see ''[[#nick_mikes|MikeS]]''
|-
| nessy
| Silvia Pfeiffer
| annodex, vquence, sysadmin, CMML
|-
| ozone
| André Pang
| annodex, macos
|-
| [[User:ph3-der-loewe|ph3-der-loewe]]
| Philipp Schafft
| Icecast
|-
| pjones
| Peter Jones
| cdparanoia, redhat
|-
| rillian
| [http://people.xiph.org/~giles/ Ralph Giles]
| metadata, video, theora, MNG, sysadmin
|-
| ribamar
| Ribamar Santarosa
| etheora
|-
| Saoshyant
| Ivo Emanuel Gonçalves
| see ''[[#nick_ivo|ivo]]''
|-
| segher
| Segher Boessenkool
| vorbis, audio
|-
| shans
| Shane Stephens
| annodex, oggplay
|-
| silvia
| Silvia Pfeiffer
| see ''[[#nick_nessy|nessy]]''
|-
| smarter
| Guillaume Martres
| libvpx
|-
| [[User:sping|sping]]
| Sebastian Pipping
| [[XSPF]], [http://libspiff.sourceforge.net/ libSpiff], [http://validator.xspf.org/ XSPF Validator]
|-
| TD-Linux
| [http://thomasdaede.com/ Thomas Daede]
| Daala hardware
|-
| tmatth
| Tristan Matthews
| daala, VLC, speex
|-
| tterribe
| [http://people.xiph.org/~tterribe/ Timothy B. Terriberry]
| See ''[[#nick_derf|derf]]''
|-
| thomasvs
| Thomas Vander Stichele
| fluendo, flumotion, gstreamer
|-
| unlord
| Nathan Egge
| daala
|-
| volsung
| Stan Seibert
| libao
|-
| xiphmont
| Christopher Montgomery
| vorbis, ghost, audio, Ogg, cdparanoia, daala
|-
| zen
| Zentaro Kavanagh
| see ''[[#nick_illi|illi]]''
|-
|}

[[Category:Developers stuff]]

Icecast Server/Installing latest version (official Xiph repositories)

2020-11-21T23:02:43Z

EPirat: Add Ubuntu 19.10

Xiph.org provides the latest version of Icecast packaged for [https://build.opensuse.org/package/repositories/multimedia:xiph/icecast various distributions]. The packages are built centrally from [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/multimedia:xiph/icecast one set of sources] on the [https://build.opensuse.org/ openSUSE OpenBuildService instance] in the [https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/multimedia:xiph Multimedia/Xiph.org project].

Packages are usually available on release day. Packaging follows closely the original distro packaging to stay a seamless drop in replacement. The packages are meant for users who need the latest version of Icecast or HTTPS support, while their distribution doesn't provide it.

== Debian and Ubuntu (in all its flavors) ==
It takes 4 simple commands to install the latest Icecast version on a deb based distro.

==== Step 1: Add the repository ====
This expects that you have '''sudo''' installed. If not, open a root shell and run the '''echo''' command directly.

Copy and paste the command for your distribution release and make sure that it's executed as '''one''' line!

{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|Debian Testing
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_Testing/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_Testing/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 10 (buster)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_10/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 9.0 (stretch)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 8.0 (jessie)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_8.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_8.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 7.0 (wheezy)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_7.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_7.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Ubuntu 14.04 (trusty)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_14.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_14.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>
|-
|Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_16.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_16.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>
|-
|Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|Ubuntu 18.10 (cosmic)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.10/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_19.10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_19.10/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|source package, any deb distro
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb-src http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ repository]
| actually available for ''all'' repository URLs
|-
|Linux Mint:
|Use the information listed above for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_Mint_releases#Release_history corresponding Ubuntu release].
|}

==== Step 2: Import the ''Multimedia'' signing key ====
You need to add the [http://icecast.org/multimedia-obs.key openSUSE OBS '''Multimedia''' signing key] as a Trusted Key to your system.

There are many ways to verify this key, e.g. by a simple web search.

After downloading the key, you can run this command to verify your copy:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">gpg multimedia-obs.key</syntaxhighlight>

It should yield:

pub rsa2048 2017-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2020-01-30]
<nowiki> 0E313DB7936B4E76E720065B77EC2301F23C6AA3</nowiki>
uid multimedia OBS Project <multimedia@build.opensuse.org>

Then you can add the key to your system's Trusted Keys using:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-key add multimedia-obs.key</syntaxhighlight>

The simplest way (but not very secure, since you're not checking the key) is to add the key with one command line:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">wget -qO - http://icecast.org/multimedia-obs.key | sudo apt-key add -</syntaxhighlight>

==== Step 3: Update your repository index ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-get update</syntaxhighlight>
==== Step 4: Install Icecast ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-get install icecast2</syntaxhighlight>

== RedHat and its derivatives ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|EPEL6 (RHEL 6/CentOS 6)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/CentOS_6 repository]
|
|-
|EPEL7 (RHEL 7/CentOS 7)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/CentOS_7 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora 27
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_27 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora 28
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_28 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora Rawhide
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_Rawhide repository]
|
|-

|}

== openSUSE ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 SP4
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_11_SP4 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 12
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_12 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP4
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_12_SP4 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_15 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Leap 42.3
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Leap_42.3 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Leap 15.0
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Leap_15.0 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Tumbleweed
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Tumbleweed repository]
|
|-

|}

== Footnotes ==
<references/>
[[Category: Icecast]]

Icecast Server/Installing latest version (official Xiph repositories)

2020-11-21T22:56:51Z

EPirat: Add Debian 10

Xiph.org provides the latest version of Icecast packaged for [https://build.opensuse.org/package/repositories/multimedia:xiph/icecast various distributions]. The packages are built centrally from [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/multimedia:xiph/icecast one set of sources] on the [https://build.opensuse.org/ openSUSE OpenBuildService instance] in the [https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/multimedia:xiph Multimedia/Xiph.org project].

Packages are usually available on release day. Packaging follows closely the original distro packaging to stay a seamless drop in replacement. The packages are meant for users who need the latest version of Icecast or HTTPS support, while their distribution doesn't provide it.

== Debian and Ubuntu (in all its flavors) ==
It takes 4 simple commands to install the latest Icecast version on a deb based distro.

==== Step 1: Add the repository ====
This expects that you have '''sudo''' installed. If not, open a root shell and run the '''echo''' command directly.

Copy and paste the command for your distribution release and make sure that it's executed as '''one''' line!

{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|Debian Testing
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_Testing/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_Testing/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 10 (buster)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_10/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 9.0 (stretch)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 8.0 (jessie)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_8.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_8.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Debian 7.0 (wheezy)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_7.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_7.0/ repository]
|
|-
|Ubuntu 14.04 (trusty)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_14.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_14.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>
|-
|Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_16.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_16.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>
|-
|Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.04/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.04/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|Ubuntu 18.10 (cosmic)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.10/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/xUbuntu_18.10/ repository]
|LTS<ref name="ubuntu-lts"/>!
|-
|source package, any deb distro
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo sh -c "echo deb-src http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ ./ >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/icecast.list"</syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Debian_9.0/ repository]
| actually available for ''all'' repository URLs
|-
|Linux Mint:
|Use the information listed above for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_Mint_releases#Release_history corresponding Ubuntu release].
|}

==== Step 2: Import the ''Multimedia'' signing key ====
You need to add the [http://icecast.org/multimedia-obs.key openSUSE OBS '''Multimedia''' signing key] as a Trusted Key to your system.

There are many ways to verify this key, e.g. by a simple web search.

After downloading the key, you can run this command to verify your copy:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">gpg multimedia-obs.key</syntaxhighlight>

It should yield:

pub rsa2048 2017-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2020-01-30]
<nowiki> 0E313DB7936B4E76E720065B77EC2301F23C6AA3</nowiki>
uid multimedia OBS Project <multimedia@build.opensuse.org>

Then you can add the key to your system's Trusted Keys using:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-key add multimedia-obs.key</syntaxhighlight>

The simplest way (but not very secure, since you're not checking the key) is to add the key with one command line:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">wget -qO - http://icecast.org/multimedia-obs.key | sudo apt-key add -</syntaxhighlight>

==== Step 3: Update your repository index ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-get update</syntaxhighlight>
==== Step 4: Install Icecast ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo apt-get install icecast2</syntaxhighlight>

== RedHat and its derivatives ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|EPEL6 (RHEL 6/CentOS 6)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/CentOS_6 repository]
|
|-
|EPEL7 (RHEL 7/CentOS 7)
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/CentOS_7 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora 27
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_27 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora 28
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_28 repository]
|
|-
|Fedora Rawhide
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/Fedora_Rawhide repository]
|
|-

|}

== openSUSE ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Distribution Release
!Command
!Repository
!Comments
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 SP4
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_11_SP4 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 12
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_12 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP4
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_12_SP4 repository]
|
|-
|SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/SLE_15 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Leap 42.3
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Leap_42.3 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Leap 15.0
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Leap_15.0 repository]
|
|-
|openSUSE Tumbleweed
|<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"></syntaxhighlight>
|[http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/multimedia:/xiph/openSUSE_Tumbleweed repository]
|
|-

|}

== Footnotes ==
<references/>
[[Category: Icecast]]

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2020-10-05T21:49:46Z

EPirat:

= Headline 1 =
This is just some example text!<ref>Hey, great, footnotes!</ref>

Testing maths <math>E=mc^2 + 2020</math>

Test edit!
== Headline 2 ==
=== Headline 3 ===
=== Headline 4 ===
{| border=2 cellpadding=10
|+ '''Table test'''
| x || 'One' || ''Two2'' || '''Three'''
|-
! what is this
| 'yes'
| ''no''
! maybe
FooBar
|-
!
{| border=1 cellpadding =2
|+ for you
| a
| b
| c
|-
| d || e|| f
|}
| 1 || 2 || 3
|}

This is a good test

== Headline 5 ==

* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 3

LoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Very important edit to just test the bot!

== Headline 2 ==
Good goodess, don't you hate wiki spam?

External link: [[http://google.com This is an external link]]

Link to PortablePlayers page:[[PortablePlayers]]

Using different value for the link text: [[PortablePlayers|link to page PortablePlayers]]

Link to [[DummyApps]] sandbox

== Headline 3 ==
It seems that [[Talk:Sandbox]] is the canonical way to link to [[Talk:Sandbox|Talk]].

Fun with tables and templates.
{{PlayersTableHeader|ManufacturerLink=iAudio}}
{{PlayersTableBody|Model=G3|MemType=Flash (builtin)
|MemSize=256MB, 512MB, 1GB
|UMS=Yes
|NeedUpd=NA
|Power=AA battery
|LineIn=Yes
|Mic=Yes
|Radio=Yes
|Formats= MP3, MP2, Ogg, WMA, ASF and WAV
|Comments= Very white, available from online retailers in UK
}}
{{PlayersTableFooter}}

== Subpages? ==
[[Sandbox/Subpage]]

== Definition List? ==

<dl>
<dt>Dweeb
<dd>young excitable person who may mature
into a Nerd or Geek

<dt>Hacker
<dd>a clever programmer
<dt>Nerd
<dd>technically bright but socially inept person
</dl>

== Code? ==

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$foo = "bar";
?>
</syntaxhighlight>

Yay, highlighted!

== Notes ==
<references />

Test edit.

== Math test ==

<math>E^2 = (mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2</math>

<math>E^2 = + (pc)^2</math>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2020-10-05T21:47:04Z

EPirat:

= Headline 1 =
This is just some example text!<ref>Hey, great, footnotes!</ref>

Testing maths <math>E=mc^2 + 1999</math>

Test edit!
== Headline 2 ==
=== Headline 3 ===
=== Headline 4 ===
{| border=2 cellpadding=10
|+ '''Table test'''
| x || 'One' || ''Two2'' || '''Three'''
|-
! what is this
| 'yes'
| ''no''
! maybe
FooBar
|-
!
{| border=1 cellpadding =2
|+ for you
| a
| b
| c
|-
| d || e|| f
|}
| 1 || 2 || 3
|}

This is a good test

== Headline 5 ==

* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 3

LoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Very important edit to just test the bot!

== Headline 2 ==
Good goodess, don't you hate wiki spam?

External link: [[http://google.com This is an external link]]

Link to PortablePlayers page:[[PortablePlayers]]

Using different value for the link text: [[PortablePlayers|link to page PortablePlayers]]

Link to [[DummyApps]] sandbox

== Headline 3 ==
It seems that [[Talk:Sandbox]] is the canonical way to link to [[Talk:Sandbox|Talk]].

Fun with tables and templates.
{{PlayersTableHeader|ManufacturerLink=iAudio}}
{{PlayersTableBody|Model=G3|MemType=Flash (builtin)
|MemSize=256MB, 512MB, 1GB
|UMS=Yes
|NeedUpd=NA
|Power=AA battery
|LineIn=Yes
|Mic=Yes
|Radio=Yes
|Formats= MP3, MP2, Ogg, WMA, ASF and WAV
|Comments= Very white, available from online retailers in UK
}}
{{PlayersTableFooter}}

== Subpages? ==
[[Sandbox/Subpage]]

== Definition List? ==

<dl>
<dt>Dweeb
<dd>young excitable person who may mature
into a Nerd or Geek

<dt>Hacker
<dd>a clever programmer
<dt>Nerd
<dd>technically bright but socially inept person
</dl>

== Code? ==

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$foo = "bar";
?>
</syntaxhighlight>

Yay, highlighted!

== Notes ==
<references />

Test edit.

== Math test ==

<math>E^2 = (mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2</math>

<math>E^2 = + (pc)^2</math>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2020-10-05T21:44:05Z

EPirat:

= Headline 1 =
This is just some example text!<ref>Hey, great, footnotes!</ref>

Testing maths <math>E=mc^2 + 4</math>

Test edit!
== Headline 2 ==
=== Headline 3 ===
=== Headline 4 ===
{| border=2 cellpadding=10
|+ '''Table test'''
| x || 'One' || ''Two2'' || '''Three'''
|-
! what is this
| 'yes'
| ''no''
! maybe
FooBar
|-
!
{| border=1 cellpadding =2
|+ for you
| a
| b
| c
|-
| d || e|| f
|}
| 1 || 2 || 3
|}

This is a good test

== Headline 5 ==

* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 3

LoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Very important edit to just test the bot!

== Headline 2 ==
Good goodess, don't you hate wiki spam?

External link: [[http://google.com This is an external link]]

Link to PortablePlayers page:[[PortablePlayers]]

Using different value for the link text: [[PortablePlayers|link to page PortablePlayers]]

Link to [[DummyApps]] sandbox

== Headline 3 ==
It seems that [[Talk:Sandbox]] is the canonical way to link to [[Talk:Sandbox|Talk]].

Fun with tables and templates.
{{PlayersTableHeader|ManufacturerLink=iAudio}}
{{PlayersTableBody|Model=G3|MemType=Flash (builtin)
|MemSize=256MB, 512MB, 1GB
|UMS=Yes
|NeedUpd=NA
|Power=AA battery
|LineIn=Yes
|Mic=Yes
|Radio=Yes
|Formats= MP3, MP2, Ogg, WMA, ASF and WAV
|Comments= Very white, available from online retailers in UK
}}
{{PlayersTableFooter}}

== Subpages? ==
[[Sandbox/Subpage]]

== Definition List? ==

<dl>
<dt>Dweeb
<dd>young excitable person who may mature
into a Nerd or Geek

<dt>Hacker
<dd>a clever programmer
<dt>Nerd
<dd>technically bright but socially inept person
</dl>

== Code? ==

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$foo = "bar";
?>
</syntaxhighlight>

Yay, highlighted!

== Notes ==
<references />

Test edit.

== Math test ==

<math>E^2 = (mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2</math>

<math>E^2 = + (pc)^2</math>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2020-10-05T21:43:38Z

EPirat:

= Headline 1 =
This is just some example text!<ref>Hey, great, footnotes!</ref>

Testing maths <math>E=mc^2^3</math>

Test edit!
== Headline 2 ==
=== Headline 3 ===
=== Headline 4 ===
{| border=2 cellpadding=10
|+ '''Table test'''
| x || 'One' || ''Two2'' || '''Three'''
|-
! what is this
| 'yes'
| ''no''
! maybe
FooBar
|-
!
{| border=1 cellpadding =2
|+ for you
| a
| b
| c
|-
| d || e|| f
|}
| 1 || 2 || 3
|}

This is a good test

== Headline 5 ==

* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 3

LoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Very important edit to just test the bot!

== Headline 2 ==
Good goodess, don't you hate wiki spam?

External link: [[http://google.com This is an external link]]

Link to PortablePlayers page:[[PortablePlayers]]

Using different value for the link text: [[PortablePlayers|link to page PortablePlayers]]

Link to [[DummyApps]] sandbox

== Headline 3 ==
It seems that [[Talk:Sandbox]] is the canonical way to link to [[Talk:Sandbox|Talk]].

Fun with tables and templates.
{{PlayersTableHeader|ManufacturerLink=iAudio}}
{{PlayersTableBody|Model=G3|MemType=Flash (builtin)
|MemSize=256MB, 512MB, 1GB
|UMS=Yes
|NeedUpd=NA
|Power=AA battery
|LineIn=Yes
|Mic=Yes
|Radio=Yes
|Formats= MP3, MP2, Ogg, WMA, ASF and WAV
|Comments= Very white, available from online retailers in UK
}}
{{PlayersTableFooter}}

== Subpages? ==
[[Sandbox/Subpage]]

== Definition List? ==

<dl>
<dt>Dweeb
<dd>young excitable person who may mature
into a Nerd or Geek

<dt>Hacker
<dd>a clever programmer
<dt>Nerd
<dd>technically bright but socially inept person
</dl>

== Code? ==

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$foo = "bar";
?>
</syntaxhighlight>

Yay, highlighted!

== Notes ==
<references />

Test edit.

== Math test ==

<math>E^2 = (mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2</math>

<math>E^2 = + (pc)^2</math>

Icecast Server

2020-10-04T22:15:33Z

EPirat: /* Wish List */

[[File:Icecast_Logo.svg|100px|left]]
Icecast is a streaming media server which currently supports [[Ogg]] ([[Vorbis]] and [[Theora]]), [[Opus]] and WebM streams. 
MP3 works too, but it is not officially supported due to its non-free nature.

It can be used to create an Internet radio station or a privately-running jukebox and many things in between. 
It is very versatile in that new formats can be added relatively easily and supports open standards for communication and interaction.

Icecast is distributed under the GNU GPL, version 2.

== Icecast Articles ==

{{Special:PrefixIndex/Icecast Server/}}

== External Links ==

* [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast homepage]
* [http://dir.xiph.org/index.php Stream directory]
* [http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.audio.icecast.general Icecast mailing list archive] - You can search or browse Icecast user discussions here.
* [http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.audio.icecast.devel Icecast developer mailing list archive] - You can search or browse Icecast discussions on icecast development here.
* [http://icecast.imux.net/index.php Unofficial Icecast forum]

== Development ==

You can find more information about the [[Icecast/Git_workflow|development workflow]] on a dedicated wiki page.

== Wish List ==

As good ideas are never a waste (and for tracking purposes) please list all the features you're missing in the Icecast master branch as separate tickets on [https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph/icecast-server/-/issues Gitlab].

Note: Please check that the feature you request is not already in master before posting!

[[Category:Icecast]]

__NOTOC__

Icecast Server/YP-protocol-v2

2020-06-20T01:33:54Z

EPirat: Add note about HTTP header handling quirks

This page is to document and help collaborate on drafting and later finalizing a complete revision of the Icecast YP protocol and YP server behaviour.

== Overview ==

There continues to be a demand for listings of online radio stations. Especially player software likes to present the user with easy accessible station listings.

The Icecast stream directory at dir.xiph.org has been fulfilling those needs for years, along with some other directories. For players there is a machine readable XML export.

Over the years some deficiencies have become apparent. This revised protocol will try to address those, as well as aim to provide a structured specification to enable alternative implementations.

== Known deficiencies of the old protocol ==
* No defined way to send warnings to the submitting server, only failures
* No contact details in case directory operators need to reach a server administrator
* Multiple hacks in the POST request
* No good way to revise/extend the protocol without affecting backwards compatibility

== New to be introduced features ==
* Verification of stream availability through handshake

== Design goals for the new revision ==

== Old protocol - factual characteristics ==
This is based on current Icecast server code and the current php implementation of dir.xiph.org

=== Transport ===
The streaming server to directory communication happens over HTTP POST. Originally GET was used, but was deprecated 10 years ago and the directory stopped supporting it later on.

<code>POST /cgi-bin/yp-cgi HTTP/1.1 
User-Agent: Icecast 2.4.1 
Host: dir.xiph.org 
Accept: */* 
Content-Length: 133 
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code>

The directory request is contained in the message body as form-urlencoded data, see [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1866#section-8.2.1 RFC 1866, Section 8.2.1].

=== Request types ===

There are 3 defined request types:

* [[#Add|Add]]
* [[#Touch|Touch]]
* [[#Remove|Remove]]

==== Add ====
This type of request will add a new server entry to the directory.

The request MUST have the following parameters :

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!parameter !! value !! explanation
|-
|action || '''add''' || The YP protocol request type
|-
|sn || string || The name of the stream
|-
|type || string || content type
|-
|genre || string || genre, space delimited(?)
|-
|b || string(!?) || The expected average bitrate for the stream
|-
|listenurl || URL || the URL of the actual stream, as used by player clients
|}

The URL call will have the following *optional* parameters :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!parameter !! value !! explanation
|-
|cpswd ||string||Cluster Password (broadcasts with the same Server Name and cluster password will be displayed together in the directory server).
|-
|user ||string||''never implemented'' YP userid
|-
|pass ||string||''never implemented'' YP password
|-
|desc ||string||Server Description
|-
|url ||url||Stream URL (not the listen url, usually a link to the broadcasters website)
|-
|stype ||string||Server Sub type. Used normally for multi-codec streams (ogg/theora, vp6/aac). Codecs should be separated by a '/' delimiter.''verify''
|}

The listing scripts will respond with the following HTTP headers
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!header !! value !! explanation
|-
|YPResponse: ||0;1||0-failure or 1-success
|-
|YPMessage: ||string||Any error message
|-
|SID: ||string||System Identifier which represents the unique identifier for the new listing entry. All futher communications must be made using this SID - the SID can be any alpha numeric string
|-
||TouchFreq: ||The frequency (in seconds) in which the listing client needs to touch the server in order to prevent a stale record
|}

'''Attention''': Even though HTTP headers are specified to be case-insensitive, Icecast versions prior to 2.4.0 and Icecast-kh do not handle them properly and will fail to parse the server response properly if the header names do not match the exact case as written above!

==== Touch ====

This type of request will update a server entry with new information. This request will also cause the listing server to acknowledge this server as one that is still valid. Periodic cleanups of inactive servers will be performed on the listing server.

The URL call will have the following mandatory parameters :

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!parameter !! value !! explanation
|-
|action || '''touch''' || The YP protocol request type
|-
|sid || string || session ID
|}

The URL call will have the following *optional* parameters :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!parameter !! value !! explanation
|-
|st ||string||Song title
|-
|listeners||string||Current number of listeners
|-
|max_listeners||string||max listener limit for this stream
|-
|alt||string||average listening time [not implemented]
|-
|ht||string||hits / tune ins
|-
|cm||string||5min average tune ins
|-
|stype||string||Server Sub type. Used normally for multi-codec streams (ogg/theora, vp6/aac). Codecs should be separated by a '/' delimiter. - Note that since it is possible to change codecs mid stream in some container formats, so this field is updatable on a touch.
|}
The listing scripts will respond with the following HTTP headers
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!header !! value !! explanation
|-
|YPResponse: ||0;1||0-failure or 1-success
|-
|YPMessage: ||string||Any error message
|}
==== Remove ====

This type of request will remove a server entry.
This request should be done when either the broadcast has stopped, or the icecast2 server is shutting down.

The URL call will have the following mandatory parameters :

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!parameter !! value !! explanation
|-
|action || '''remove''' || The YP protocol request type
|-
|sid || string || session ID
|}

The URL call does NOT have *optional* parameters!

The listing scripts will respond with the following HTTP headers
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!header !! value !! explanation
|-
|YPResponse: ||0;1||0-failure or 1-success
|-
|YPMessage: ||string||Any error message
|}

XiphInfra:Gitlab

2019-05-29T21:45:51Z

EPirat: /* Repositories */

Recently a Gitlab test instance was setup and it was decided to migrate to it.

== Trac tickets migration ==
All relevant trac tickets should have been migrated, unfortunately during Gitlab updates and some issue with the migration tool, the comments for the tickets got lost. The old trac is still available in read-only mode for the time being so you can look up missing information there.

== How to login ==
All trac users that had at least one ticket were migrated, if possible. Some users had no email address associated. Passwords could not be migrated. To get access to your account, do a password reset, the password will be sent to your email. In case you know or suspect the email associated with your account is wrong, or if you get no password reset email, please contact ePirat, either via IRC or email.

== Repositories ==
You can find the repositories in the [https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph Xiph group]. Currently most projects are only mirrored to Gitlab, only some repos are migrated to Gitlab yet, those are:

* rnnoise (https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph/rnnoise)
* opus-tools (https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph/opus-tools)

The already migrated repos are mirrored back to the old git.xiph.org repo, to not break old URLs yet. Pushed to git.xiph.org are rejected for already migrated repos, to prevent diverging histories.

Feel free to look through the content that is currently there though and claim your commits, to do so, just make sure that the e-mail used to do the commit is associated with your account. You can add emails [https://gitlab.xiph.org/profile/emails here].

XiphInfra:Gitlab

2019-05-29T21:42:31Z

EPirat: Fix links

Recently a Gitlab test instance was setup and it was decided to migrate to it.

== Trac tickets migration ==
All relevant trac tickets should have been migrated, unfortunately during Gitlab updates and some issue with the migration tool, the comments for the tickets got lost. The old trac is still available in read-only mode for the time being so you can look up missing information there.

== How to login ==
All trac users that had at least one ticket were migrated, if possible. Some users had no email address associated. Passwords could not be migrated. To get access to your account, do a password reset, the password will be sent to your email. In case you know or suspect the email associated with your account is wrong, or if you get no password reset email, please contact ePirat, either via IRC or email.

== Repositories ==
You can find the repositories in the [https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph Xiph group].

Feel free to look through the content that is currently there though and claim your commits, to do so, just make sure that the e-mail used to do the commit is associated with your account. You can add emails [https://gitlab.xiph.org/profile/emails here].

XiphInfra:Gitlab

2019-05-29T21:41:39Z

EPirat: Add Gitlab page

Recently a Gitlab test instance was setup and it was decided to migrate to it.

== Trac tickets migration ==
All relevant trac tickets should have been migrated, unfortunately during Gitlab updates and some issue with the migration tool, the comments for the tickets got lost. The old trac is still available in read-only mode for the time being so you can look up missing information there.

== How to login ==
All trac users that had at least one ticket were migrated, if possible. Some users had no email address associated. Passwords could not be migrated. To get access to your account, do a password reset, the password will be sent to your email. In case you know or suspect the email associated with your account is wrong, or if you get no password reset email, please contact ePirat, either via IRC or email.

== Repositories ==
You can find the repositories in the [Xiph group](https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph).

Feel free to look through the content that is currently there though and claim your commits, to do so, just make sure that the e-mail used to do the commit is associated with your account. You can add emails [here](https://gitlab.xiph.org/profile/emails).

XiphInfra:List of services

2019-05-29T21:38:16Z

EPirat: Add entry for Gitlab

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Service
! URL
! VM
! Host
! Maintainer(s)
|-
| [[AreWeCompressedYet]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://arewecompressedyet.com
| awcy
| style="text-align:right;"| https://catfish.xiph.org
| TD-Linux
|-
| Git Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://git.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| rillian
|-
| Home Pages
| style="text-align:right;"| https://people.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
|
|-
| [[Icecast]] Streams
| style="text-align:right;"| http://dir.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| tbr
|-
| [[Icecast]] Streams (Beta)
| style="text-align:right;"| http://dir-test.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://catfish.xiph.org
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| Jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/
| jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| TD-Linux
|-
| Mail
| style="text-align:right;"| xiph.org
| mailfish
| style="text-align:right;"| https://catfish.xiph.org
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| MailMan
| style="text-align:right;"| http://lists.xiph.org
| mailfish
| style="text-align:right;"| https://catfish.xiph.org
| ePirat, tbr
|-
| Media
| style="text-align:right;"| https://media.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://media.xiph.org
| TD-Linux
|-
| Opus Boodler Streams
| style="text-align:right;"| https://opus-codec.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| gmaxwell
|-
| Rietveld
| style="text-align:right;"| https://review.xiph.org
| jenkins
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| TD-Linux
|-
| Subversion Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://svn.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| rillian
|-
| Trac Bug Tracker
| style="text-align:right;"| https://trac.xiph.org
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| tbr
|-
| [[XiphWiki:Features|Wiki]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://wiki.xiph.org
| [[XiphInfra:Wiki VM|wiki]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| ePirat
|-
| Xiph Mirror Repos
| style="text-align:right;"| https://github.com/xiph
|
|
| rillian
|-
| XiphBot-ng
| style="text-align:right;"| XiphWiki on freenode.net
|
| style="text-align:right;"| https://mf4.xiph.org
| TD-Linux
|-
| [[XiphInfra:Gitlab|Gitlab]]
| style="text-align:right;"| https://gitlab.xiph.org
| gitlab
| style="text-align:right;"| https://catfish.xiph.org
| ePirat (VM and Gitlab), tbr (VM and Gitlab), TD-Linux (Gitlab)
|}

<noinclude>See the [[XiphInfra:Overview|Overview]] page for more information.</noinclude>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2018-04-17T10:33:45Z

EPirat: /* Math test */

= Headline 1 =
This is just some example text!<ref>Hey, great, footnotes!</ref>

Test edit!
== Headline 2 ==
=== Headline 3 ===
=== Headline 4 ===
{| border=2 cellpadding=10
|+ '''Table test'''
| x || 'One' || ''Two2'' || '''Three'''
|-
! what is this
| 'yes'
| ''no''
! maybe
FooBar
|-
!
{| border=1 cellpadding =2
|+ for you
| a
| b
| c
|-
| d || e|| f
|}
| 1 || 2 || 3
|}

This is a good test

== Headline 5 ==

* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 3

LoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Very important edit to just test the bot!

== Headline 2 ==
Good goodess, don't you hate wiki spam?

External link: [[http://google.com This is an external link]]

Link to PortablePlayers page:[[PortablePlayers]]

Using different value for the link text: [[PortablePlayers|link to page PortablePlayers]]

Link to [[DummyApps]] sandbox

== Headline 3 ==
It seems that [[Talk:Sandbox]] is the canonical way to link to [[Talk:Sandbox|Talk]].

Fun with tables and templates.
{{PlayersTableHeader|ManufacturerLink=iAudio}}
{{PlayersTableBody|Model=G3|MemType=Flash (builtin)
|MemSize=256MB, 512MB, 1GB
|UMS=Yes
|NeedUpd=NA
|Power=AA battery
|LineIn=Yes
|Mic=Yes
|Radio=Yes
|Formats= MP3, MP2, Ogg, WMA, ASF and WAV
|Comments= Very white, available from online retailers in UK
}}
{{PlayersTableFooter}}

== Subpages? ==
[[Sandbox/Subpage]]

== Definition List? ==

<dl>
<dt>Dweeb
<dd>young excitable person who may mature
into a Nerd or Geek

<dt>Hacker
<dd>a clever programmer
<dt>Nerd
<dd>technically bright but socially inept person
</dl>

== Code? ==

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$foo = "bar";
?>
</syntaxhighlight>

Yay, highlighted!

== Notes ==
<references />

Test edit.

== Math test ==

<math>E^2 = (mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2</math>

<math>E^2 = + (pc)^2</math>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2018-01-12T15:21:08Z

EPirat: Test edit for the bot

OpusFAQ

2018-01-12T15:17:30Z

EPirat: Fix WebRTC AEC link

[[Image:Opus logo trans.png]]

If you are looking for info not covered in this FAQ, try the '''[https://opus-codec.org main Opus website]''' or the pages included in the '''[[:Category:Opus|Opus category]]''' of this wiki.

== General Questions ==

=== What is Opus? Who created it? ===

Opus is a totally open, royalty-free, highly versatile audio codec.

It is primarily designed for interactive speech and music transmission over the Internet, but is also applicable to storage and streaming applications. It incorporates technology from Skype's '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SILK SILK]''' codec and Xiph.Org's '''[http://celt-codec.org/ CELT]''' codec. It has been standardized by the '''[https://www.ietf.org/ Internet Engineering Task Force]''' (IETF) as '''[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6716 RFC 6716]'''.

Opus has been in development since early 2007. Programmers associated with '''[https://xiph.org/ Xiph.Org]''', '''[https://www.skype.com/ Skype]''' and several other organizations have contributed to its development and to the standardization process as part of the '''[https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/codec/charter/ IETF's Codec Working Group]'''.

=== How does Opus compare to other codecs? ===

Opus is distinguished from most high quality formats (eg: [[Vorbis]], AAC, MP3) by having '''[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6716#section-2 low delay]''' (5 ~ 66.5 ms) and distinguished from most low delay formats (eg: [[Speex]], G.711, GSM) by supporting '''[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6716#section-2.1.1 high audio quality]''' (supports narrow-band all the way to full-band audio).

It '''[https://opus-codec.org/comparison meets or exceeds existing codecs' quality]''' across a wide range of bitrates, and it operates at lower delay than virtually any existing compressed format.

Most importantly, the Opus format and its reference implementation are both available under '''[https://opus-codec.org/license/ liberal, royalty-free licenses]'''. 
This makes it:
* easy to adopt
* compatible with free software
* suitable for use as part of the basic infrastructure of the Internet

=== Does Opus make all those other lossy codecs obsolete? ===

Yes.

From a technical point of view (loss, delay, bitrates, ...) Opus renders '''[[Speex]]''' obsolete and should also replace '''[[Vorbis]]''' and the common proprietary codecs too (e.g. AAC, MP3, ...).

=== Will Opus replace Vorbis in video files? ===

For '''[[Ogg]]''' video files (which use the '''[[Theora]]''' video codec), you ''can'' use Opus instead of Vorbis, but the overall size reduction will be minimal and it will break compatibility with existing players.

For WebM video files, the convention is to use the '''[http://www.webmproject.org/vp9/ VP9 video codec]''' when using Opus as an audio codec.

=== How do I use Opus? ===

For now, the best way to '''encode''' audio into Opus files is to use the '''opusenc''' command-line tool from the '''[https://opus-codec.org/downloads/ opus-tools package]'''.

If you want to encode many files at once (e.g. your music library), try the applications listed in the '''[[OpusSupport|Opus Support]]''' page.

For rough guidelines on encoding settings, see the '''[[Opus Recommended Settings]]''' page.

=== What programs support Opus? ===

Opus decoding support is now included in '''[http://caniuse.com/opus some Internet browsers]''' and '''[[OpusSupport|many applications]]''', including '''[https://www.mozilla.org/firefox Firefox]''', '''[https://www.foobar2000.org/ foobar2000]''' and '''[https://www.videolan.org/vlc/ VLC]''', as well as in frameworks such as '''[https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/ GStreamer]''' and '''[https://ffmpeg.org/ FFmpeg]'''.

For real-time applications, Opus support is available in '''[https://www.webrtc.org/ Google's WebRTC codebase]'''.

Opus is a relatively new codec (standardized in September 2012), but '''[[OpusSupport|many more applications]]''' will support it in the near future.

=== Does Opus support higher sampling rates, such as 96 kHz or 192 kHz? ===

Yes and no.

Opus encoding tools like opusenc will happily encode input files that are sampled at 96 or 192 kHz.

However, files at these rates are internally '''converted to 48 kHz''' and then only frequencies '''up to 20 kHz''' are encoded.

The reason is simple: lossy codecs are designed to preserve audible details while discarding irrelevant information. Since the human ear can only hear up to 20 kHz at best (usually lower than that), frequency content above 20 kHz is the first thing to go.

See Monty's '''[https://people.xiph.org/~xiphmont/demo/neil-young.html article]''' for more details.

If you want a codec to handle high sampling rates losslessly, use '''[[FLAC]]'''!

=== What are the licensing requirements? ===

The reference Opus source code is released under a three-clause BSD license, which is a very permissive Open Source license. Commercial use and distribution (including in proprietary software) is permitted, provided that some basic conditions specified in the license are met.

Opus is also covered by some patents, for which royalty-free usage rights are granted, under conditions that the authors believe are compatible with (hopefully) all open source licenses, including the GPL (v2 and v3).

See the '''[https://www.opus-codec.org/license/ Opus Licensing]''' page for details.

=== Why make Opus free? ===

On the Internet, protocol and codec standards are part of the common infrastructure everyone builds upon.

Most of the value of a high-quality standard is the innovation and inter-operation provided by the systems built on top of it. When a few parties have monopoly rights to monetize a standard, that infrastructure stops being so common and everyone else has more reason to use their own solution instead, increasing cost and reducing efficiency.

Imagine a road system where each type of car could only drive on its own manufacturer's pavement. We all benefit from living in a world where all the roads are connected.

This is why Opus, unlike many codecs, is free.

=== Is the SILK part of Opus compatible with the SILK implementation shipped in Skype? ===

No.

The SILK codec, as submitted by Skype to the IETF, was heavily modified as part of its integration within Opus. The modifications are significant enough that it is not possible to just write a "translator". Even sharing code between Opus and the "old SILK" would be highly complex.

=== Why not keep the SILK and CELT codecs separate? ===
Opus is more than just two independent codecs with a switch.

In addition to a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding Linear Prediction] '''SILK mode''' and an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform MDCT] '''CELT mode''' it has a '''hybrid mode''', where speech frequencies up to 8 kHz are encoded with LP while those between 8 and 20 kHz are encoded with MDCT. This is what allows Opus to have such high speech quality around 32 kbps.

Another advantage of the integration is the ability to switch between these 3 modes seamlessly, without any audible "glitches" and without any out-of-band signalling.

=== Now that Opus is standardized, will its development stop or can it be further improved? ===
Yes, Opus '''can''' and '''should''' be improved, because unlike most '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T#Key_standards_published_by_ITU ITU-T codecs]''', Opus is only defined in terms of its decoder.

The encoder can keep evolving as long as the bitstream it produces can be decoded by the reference decoder. This is what made it possible for modern MP3 encoders (e.g. '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAME LAME]''') to improve far beyond the original '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L3enc L3enc]''' and '''dist10''' reference implementations.

Although it is unlikely that Opus encoders will see such a spectacular evolution, we certainly hope that future encoders will become much better than the reference encoder.

In fact, the 1.1 libopus release significantly improves on the reference encoder's quality. See '''[https://people.xiph.org/~xiphmont/demo/opus/demo3.shtml Monty's demo]''' for more details.

=== Will all future Opus releases comply with the [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6716 Opus specification]? ===

Yes.

=== In what ways is Opus optimized for the Internet? ===

Opus has good packet loss robustness and concealment, but its optimisations go further.

One of the first things we've been asked when designing Opus was to make the rate '''really''' adaptable because we never know what kind of rates will be available. This not only meant having a wide range of bitrates, but also being able to vary in small increments.

This is why Opus scales from about '''6 ''' to '''512 kb/s''', in increments of '''0.4 kb/s''' (one byte with 20 ms frames). Opus can have '''more than 1200 possible bitrates''' while spending only '''11 bits''' signalling the bitrate because UDP already encodes the packet size.

One last aspect is that Opus is simple to transport over RTP, as can be seen from the [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7587 Opus RTP payload format]. For example, it's possible to decode RTP packets without having even seen the SDP or any out-of-band signalling.

=== What applications for Android can play Opus? ===

Right now, there are just a few but that list is fast growing. Please reference [https://android.stackexchange.com/q/37970/7425 this question on android.stackexchange.com]. Feel free to suggest other applications.

=== When will the next version be released? ===

When it's done. Seriously, we do not know.

Opus is not a large project with a fixed release schedule.

That being said, our '''[https://www.opus-codec.org/downloads/ pre-releases]''' and even the git repositories ('''[https://git.xiph.org/?p=opus.git Xiph]''', '''[https://github.com/xiph/opus GitHub]''') are pretty stable and given proper testing (which you should always do anyway), are safe to distribute.

Just be aware that the API of new features (that have never been included in a stable release) could potentially still change.

== Software Developers' Questions ==

=== On what platforms does Opus run? ===

The Opus code base is written in C89 and should run on the vast majority of recent (and not so recent) CPUs.

Some of the platforms '''[https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/view/opus/ on which Opus has been tested]''' include x86, x86-64, ARM, Itanium, Blackfin, and SPARC.

=== Is there a fixed-point implementation? ===

Yes.

The fixed-point and floating-point decoder and encoder implementations are part of the same code base.

The code defaults to float, so you need to configure with '''--enable-fixed-point''' (or define '''FIXED_POINT''' if not using the configure script) to build the code for fixed-point.

=== Which implementation should I use? ===

While the implementation in RFC 6716 is what ''defines'' the standard, it is likely not the best and most up-to-date implementation.

The [https://opus-codec.org/ Opus] website was set up for the purpose of continually improving the implementation — in terms of speed, encoding quality, device compatibility, etc — while still conforming to the standard.

All Opus implementations are compatible by definition.

=== How is supporting Opus different from supporting Speex/G.711/MP3? ===

Opus has variable frame durations which can change on the fly, so an Opus decoder needs to be ready to accept packets with durations that are '''any multiple of 2.5ms''' up to a '''maximum of 120ms'''.

The opus encoder and decoder do not need to have matched sampling rates or channel counts. It is recommended to always just decode at the highest rate the hardware supports (e.g. 48kHz stereo) so the user gets the full quality of whatever the far end is sending.

=== My application doesn't work. Can anyone help me? ===

It's possible to get help, but before doing so, there are a few basic things to try:

* Implement your application with uncompressed audio instead of Opus. If it still doesn't work, then the problem isn't related to Opus.
* Read the [https://www.opus-codec.org/docs/ Opus documentation].
* Read the [https://git.xiph.org/?p=opus.git;a=blob;f=src/opus_demo.c opus_demo.c] source code to see how to use the encoder and decoder.

If you still can't solve the problem, the best option is to ask for help on the [http://lists.xiph.org/mailman/listinfo/opus mailing list] or on the '''#opus''' IRC channel on '''irc.freenode.net'''.

=== How do I report a bug? ===

If you think you have found a bug in Opus (and not in your application), please [https://trac.xiph.org/newticket?component=Opus file a bug report].

Please include a way for us to reproduce the problem. The best way to do this is to provide an input file, along with the opusenc/opusdec/opus_demo command line that causes the bug to occur.

If the bug cannot be triggered by the command line tools, please provide a simple patch or C file that can help reproduce it. Please also provide any other relevant information, such as OS, CPU, build options, etc.

Don't hesitate to also contact us on the [http://lists.xiph.org/mailman/listinfo/opus mailing list] or on [irc://irc.freenode.net/opus IRC].

=== What is Opus Custom? ===

Opus Custom is an '''optional''' part of the Opus standard that allows for sampling rates other than 8, 12, 16, 24, or 48 kHz and frame sizes other than multiples of 2.5 ms.

Opus Custom requires additional out-of-band signalling that Opus does not normally require and disables many of Opus' coding modes. Also, because it is an optional part of the specification, using Opus Custom may lead to compatibility problems.

For these reasons, '''its use is discouraged''' outside of very specific applications.

You may want to use Opus Custom for:

* ultra-low-delay applications, where synchronization with the soundcard buffer is important.
* low-power embedded applications, where compatibility with others is not important.

For almost all other types of applications, Opus Custom should not be used.

=== How do I use 44.1 kHz or some other sampling rate not directly supported by Opus? ===

Tools which read or write Opus should inter-operate with other sampling rates by transparently performing sample rate conversion behind the scenes whenever necessary. In particular, software developers should not use Opus Custom for 44.1 kHz support, except in the very specific circumstances outlined above.

Note that it's generally preferable for a decoder to output at 48kHz, even when you know the original input was 44.1kHz. This is not only because you can skip resampling, but also because many cheaper audio interfaces have poor quality output for 44.1kHz.

The '''[https://opus-codec.org/downloads/ opus-tools]''' package source code contains a small, high quality, high performance, BSD licensed '''[https://github.com/xiph/opus-tools/blob/master/src/resample.c resampler]''' which can be used where resampling is required.

=== But won't the resampler hurt the quality? Isn't it better to use 44.1 kHz directly? ===

Not really. The quality degradation caused by any reasonable resampler (SoX, libspeexdsp, libsamplerate, ...) is far less than the distortion caused by the best lossy codec at its highest bitrate. If you can't tolerate the quality degradation caused by a good 44.1 ↔ 48 kHz resampler, then you shouldn't be using a lossy codec in the first place. Similarly, the extra CPU spent in the resampler is small compared to the rest of the codec. Not only that, but many soundcards only support 48 kHz on playback, so players can directly play the output rather than resample it to 48 kHz (e.g. for a 44.1 kHz MP3). So effectively, Opus is only shifting the burden of resampling from the decoder side to the encoder side.

One advantage of supporting only one internal rate is that it makes it possible for Opus to support many features, including efficient speech compression (through SILK) and real-time applications. It also means all the quality tuning effort can be spent on a single configuration, which helps bring even better quality.

=== How is the bitrate setting used in VBR mode? ===

Variable bitrate (VBR) mode allows the bitrate to automatically vary over time based on the audio being encoded, in order to achieve a consistent quality.

The bitrate setting controls the desired quality, on a scale that is calibrated to closely approximate the average bitrate that would be obtained over a large and diverse collection of audio. The actual bitrate of any particular audio stream may be higher or lower than this average.

=== What frame size should I use? ===

A '''20ms''' frame size works well for most applications. Smaller frame sizes may be used to achieve lower latency, but have lower quality at a given bitrate.

Sizes greater than 20 ms increase latency and are generally beneficial only at fairly low bitrates, or when used to reduce external overhead (e.g. by reducing the number of packets that are sent). For file encoding, using a frame size larger than 20 ms will usually result in '''worse''' quality for the same bitrate because it constrains the encoder in the decisions it can make.

=== Forward Error correction (FEC) doesn't appear to do anything! HELP! ===

The in-band FEC feature of Opus helps reduce the harm of packet loss by encoding some information about the prior packet.

In order to make use of in-band FEC the decoder must delay its output by at least one frame so that it can call the decoder with the decode_fec argument on the ''next'' frame in order to reconstruct the missed frame. This works best if it's integrated with a jitter buffer.

FEC is only used by the encoder under certain conditions:
* the feature must be enabled via the '''OPUS_SET_INBAND_FEC''' CTL
* the encoder must be told to expect loss via the '''OPUS_SET_PACKET_LOSS_PERC''' CTL
* the codec must be operated in any of the '''Linear Prediction''' or '''Hybrid''' modes

Frame durations shorter than 10ms and very high bitrates will use the MDCT modes, where FEC is not available.

Even when FEC is not used, telling the encoder about the expected level of loss will help it make more intelligent decisions. By default, the implementation assumes there is no loss.

=== I can't use malloc or much stack on my embedded platform. How do I make Opus work? ===

A normal build of libopus only uses <tt>malloc/free</tt> in the <tt>_create()</tt> and <tt>_destroy()</tt> calls, making it safe for realtime use as long as the codec state is pre-created.

To build Opus without the references to <tt>malloc/free</tt>, you must:

* use <tt>init()</tt> calls rather than <tt>create()</tt> calls in your application
* compile with <tt>CFLAGS="-DOVERRIDE_OPUS_ALLOC -DOVERRIDE_OPUS_FREE -D'opus_alloc(x)=NULL' -D'opus_free(x)=NULL' "</tt>.

If libopus is built with <tt>-DNONTHREADSAFE_PSEUDOSTACK</tt> (instead of <tt>VAR_ARRAYS</tt>, or <tt>USE_ALLOCA</tt>), it will use a user-provided block of heap instead of stack for many things, resulting in much lower stack usage. 
This makes the resulting library '''non-threadsafe''' and is '''not recommended''' on anything except limited embedded platforms.

=== How can I ensure that my software interoperates with other software implementing Opus? ===

For applications using Ogg files, there are some [https://people.xiph.org/~greg/opus_testvectors/ Ogg Opus testvectors] to test decoders and you can test encoders with opusdec. For RTP applications, the opusrtp tool can be useful.

In general, here's a list of specific issues to check:
* Can your application handle all frame sizes, including changing the frame size from frame to frame?
* Does your application react properly to lost packets, by calling the decoder with a NULL packet?

=== What is the complexity of Opus? ===

The complexity of Opus varies by a large amount based on the settings used.

It depends on the mode, audio bandwidth, number of channels, and even a "complexity knob" that can trade complexity for quality. It will run easily on any recent PC or smartphone.

For slower embedded CPUs/DSPs, the amount of CPU required will vary depending on the configuration and the exact CPU, so you will need to experiment. Do not expect Opus to run quickly on really slow devices like 8-bit micro-controllers.

=== Opus is using too much CPU for my application. What can I do? ===

First don't panic and don't start writing assembly just yet.

It's possible that you're just not using the right set of options.

If you're targeting an embedded/mobile platform, chances are the fixed-point build will be faster, so make sure you're using '''--enable-fixed-point''' or defining '''FIXED_POINT''' in the build system.

Opus also has a complexity option that can trade quality for complexity. The default is highest quality and highest complexity. You can control this using '''OPUS_SET_COMPLEXITY()''' (see the '''[https://www.opus-codec.org/docs/ Documentation]''' for details).

If all else fails and you need to optimize the Opus code, see the next question.

=== I would like to optimize/improve/help with Opus. Where should I start? ===

Please '''[https://www.opus-codec.org/contact/ contact us]''' before you start, or at least before you get too far.

This will help coordinate the efforts made on Opus and reduce the probability of wasting your time on duplicated effort or going down the wrong path. More details in the '''[[OpusContributing|contributing page]]'''.

=== Does Opus have an echo canceller like Speex does? ===

Echo cancellation is completely independent from codecs.

You can use any echo canceller (including the one from libspeexdsp) along with Opus.

That being said, among the free acoustic echo cancelers (AEC) we're aware of, the best is probably the Google AEC from the [https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/webrtc/+/master/modules/audio_processing/ WebRTC codebase].

=== How do I get the duration of a .opus file? ===

Use '''[https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/view/opus/job/opusfile-autotools/ws/doc/html/group__stream__info.html op_pcm_total()]''' from '''[https://opus-codec.org/downloads/ libopusfile]'''.

If you want to implement this yourself, you need to
* Read the BOS (Beginning Of Stream) pages to enumerate the serial numbers of all concurrently multiplexed streams, identify the Opus stream you want, and get its preskip value.
* Read up through the first complete audio data page to compute the starting granule position (since the timestamps might not start at 0, e.g., if the file was captured from a live stream that was joined after the start).
* Seek near the end of a file and look for a page with the same serial number as found in the headers (just under 64 kB from the end should be sufficient to ensure you find a page, assuming the Opus data is not multiplexed with another stream and there is no trailing garbage in the file).
* If you find a page whose serial number was not included in the original set of BOS pages, you have a chained stream. You need to bisect the file to identify the end of the first chain and the start of the next, and repeat this process for each link in the chain.
* If you don't find any pages at all, or find a page whose serial number was included in the original set of BOS pages, but was not the serial number of the Opus stream you want, back up and try again (being careful to avoid rescanning the same data, which can produce quadratic worst-case complexity).
* If you find a page whose serial number matches the Opus stream you want, look at its final granule position, and compute the total duration (in seconds) as (final_granule_position - initial_granule_position - preskip)/48000.0.

=== Why don't you store the duration in the header? Isn't all of that slow and complicated? ===

Computing the duration directly from the file contents allows files to be written in a single pass, without any seeking, which is necessary for live streaming. Chaining also simplifies live streaming, as you can just pipe multiple files into the same network connection, with all associated metadata updates, etc., and the results are still valid .opus files (contrast with the '''[http://www.smackfu.com/stuff/programming/shoutcast.html hacks used to add metadata to MP3 streams]''').

Opening a typical .opus file, which is not multiplexed and not chained, and computing the duration over the network requires just one extra HTTP request, which can proceed in parallel with the buffering in the main request. This is the behavior you will get from libopusfile's HTTP backend by default.

Enumeration of chain boundaries can be expensive in files with many links, but in our testing libopusfile used nearly an order of magnitude fewer seeks to do this than some other media frameworks (at the time). Storing a duration in a header wouldn't solve this, since every link in a chain has its own, independent headers. If the cost of chain enumeration is a problem, the best way to avoid it is to store the links in separate files (i.e., don't use chaining).

=== How do I seek in a .opus file? ===

Use '''[https://mf4.xiph.org/jenkins/view/opus/job/opusfile-autotools/ws/doc/html/group__stream__seeking.html op_pcm_seek() or op_raw_seek()]''' from '''[https://opus-codec.org/downloads/ libopusfile]'''.

If you want to implement seeking yourself, you need to
* Identify the link that contains the target (if you have a chained file).
* Adjust the target by 80 ms to get enough pre-roll data (to ensure the decoder will have converged by the time you reach the target), as recommended by '''[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7845 RFC 7845]'''.
* Estimate the location of the last audio data page with a completed packet prior to the adjusted target, using the duration and size (in bytes) of the link.
* Seek to that location and scan forward until you find an audio data page with a completed packet (that contains a valid granule position).
* If you think you are sufficiently close to the adjusted target, scan forward until you find the next audio data page with a completed packet.
* If the adjusted target lies between the first audio data page with a completed packet you found and the next one, stop. You can decode forward from here and start playing when you reach your (original, unadjusted) target.
* Otherwise, go back and re-estimate the seek location using the granule positions and file offsets of the page(s) you just found.

libopusfile includes fallbacks to prevent pathological worst-case behavior when its guesses are repeatedly wrong. Weighted bisection can degrade to a linear scan, but libopusfile's worst case is within a constant factor of naive bisection (i.e., logarithmic). We have only ever observed such pathological behavior in files we manually constructed to trigger it.

libopusfile also takes shortcuts when the target location is near the current position, to make small seeks cheaper. In the best case it can loop forever over very short files whose data is contained in a single page (e.g., less than 1 second long with default encoder settings) without any seeking at all.

You can find more information on seeking in files that contain Opus multiplexed with other streams (e.g., video) '''[[GranulePosAndSeeking|on this page]]'''.

=== Wouldn't it be better to build an index? ===

As with file durations, an index at the beginning of the file is incompatible with live streaming. It also means more data has to be fetched before a file can start playing over the network, because you must read past the index even when you don't intend to seek. The index could be stored at the end (which even still allows encoding the file in a single pass), but this requires one (or more) extra seeks to read the index (especially if its exact location at the end is not known), either on file open or on first seek. Unlike the final timestamp, which is small and fixed in size, an index grows with the file duration, and can have unbounded size. It is also easy for an index to become out of sync with a file that has been edited or damaged, in which case seeking will simply fail. By contrast, you can seek in a truncated .opus download without issues.

In practice, bisection seeking on VBR audio achieves performance that is very nearly as good as seeking with an index, without any of the drawbacks of an index. libopusfile provides a test program called seeking_example which can be used to benchmark the performance on your files.

On a 96 kbps VBR file nearly one hour long (the second movement of Mahler's Symphony No. 8 "Symphony of a Thousand"):

Testing exact PCM seeking to random places in 169680000 samples (58m55.000s)...
Total seek operations: 1020 (1.020 per exact seek, 2 maximum).

On a chained file formed by concatenating the eight test vectors for the currently supported channel layouts in mapping family 1:

Opened file containing 8 links with 18 seeks (2.250 per link).
Testing exact PCM seeking to random places in 2759064 samples (57.481s)...
Total seek operations: 946 (0.946 per exact seek, 2 maximum).

That is, the number of physical seeks required is almost always 1, every once in a while 2, and in short files, sometimes even 0.

[[Category:Opus]]

Icecast Server/Getting Started

2017-06-28T17:10:02Z

EPirat: /* Compiling */

This article describes how to get an [[Icecast]] server up and running.

On this resulting server you can connect with a Source Client, like [[IceS]], and stream music or video to listener clients.

To get started with using Icecast you should first understand how everything works together.

[[File:Flowchart icecast.png|500px|thumb|Graphic showing the flow from source clients through Icecast to listeners. (click image to enlarge)]]

== How it works ==

The graphic shows how Icecast basically works:

* A '''source client''' connects to the '''Icecast server''' on a specified '''mountpoint'''. (a mountpoint can be described as a file on a normal file system)

* '''Listeners''' access the '''mountpoints''' ("files") and can listen to the '''bitstreams''' ("file contents"). (they can connect to these like they would to normal files on a remote server)

* '''Icecast''' offers the bitstream it gets from the source client on a specified mountpoint to all of the mountpoint's listeners in realtime.

Note: you cannot use Icecast with static files (eg. [[Ogg]] or mp3 files), 
it always needs a source client which sends a bitstream!

== Getting Icecast ==

You can download Icecast from [http://icecast.org/download/ icecast.org].

This guide is written for Icecast version '''2.4.1''', but should work with at least every 2.4.x version.

There may be compiled versions on '''Homebrew''' (Mac OS) or '''apt-get''' (Debian, Ubuntu, etc). 
Additionally have a look at [[Icecast Server/Installing latest version (official Xiph repositories)|Installing latest version from the official Xiph repositories]], these are the recommended ways to install Icecast.

Windows users who download and extract the binary package can skip the '''Compiling''' step and continue with '''Configuration'''.

== Compiling ==

Only do these steps below, if there is definitely no packages Icecast available for
your system. With a source install you have to manually keep checking for new versions
from time to time and it is not recommended for beginners. Only proceed if you know what
you are doing!

Once you have downloaded the source package you want, you have to extract it.

After that you have to use your console and change directory (cd) to your extracted files.

<pre>
$ cd /path/to/icecast-source
</pre>

You then have to run the configuration tool, compile and install it. 
(you may have to install additional dependencies first)

When done, run the following commands to finish the installation:

<pre>
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
</pre>

== Configuration ==

After installing Icecast, you are just one step away from using it! You have to configure it.

Icecast is shipped with a default XML configuration file.

The file can be found on:

* '''Linux''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/etc/icecast2/icecast.xml'''
* '''MacOS''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/usr/local/etc/icecast.xml'''
* '''Windows''' at: '''/path-to-extracted-icecast/etc/icecast.xml'''

You can edit this file and even save it to a different location. 
(you will need its full path to start the server, so remember where you put it)

It is '''strongly''' recommended you edit some fields in this XML file, 
'''especially''' if you plan to run a '''public''' server.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<location>The server's location</location>
<admin>admin@yourdomain.com</admin>
</syntaxhighlight>

You should '''always''' change the passwords from ''hackme'' to something more secure.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<authentication>

<source-password>myfancypassword</source-password>

<relay-password>youshallnotpass</relay-password>


<admin-user>admin</admin-user>
<admin-password>anotherfancypassword</admin-password>
</authentication>
</syntaxhighlight>

If you plan to run a public server and/or a server with [[Yellow Pages]] listing, 
you should change the hostname to one where your server can be accessed from.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">

<hostname>streams.yourdomain.tld</hostname>
</syntaxhighlight>

More advanced topics like relays, Yellow Pages listings, etc. are explained in the following in-depth parts of this guide.

== Starting the server ==

To start your Icecast server, run the following command in your console:

<pre>
$ icecast -c /path/to/icecast.xml
</pre>

If you did everything correctly Icecast should start and listen for connections on the default port.

You can test access to your server by typing [http://127.0.0.1:8000 http://127.0.0.1:8000] into your web browser.

If you see a page which says '''Icecast2 Status''' on top, 
you have done everything right and finished the basic part of this guide!

== What next? ==

If you want in-depth infos, you should look at the following articles.

* If you want to start streaming, have a look at [[IceS/Getting Started]]
* If you want to go deeper into configuring your server, have a look at [[Icecast/Advanced Configuration]]

[[Category:Icecast]]

Icecast Server/Getting Started

2017-06-28T17:08:46Z

EPirat: /* Getting Icecast */

This article describes how to get an [[Icecast]] server up and running.

On this resulting server you can connect with a Source Client, like [[IceS]], and stream music or video to listener clients.

To get started with using Icecast you should first understand how everything works together.

[[File:Flowchart icecast.png|500px|thumb|Graphic showing the flow from source clients through Icecast to listeners. (click image to enlarge)]]

== How it works ==

The graphic shows how Icecast basically works:

* A '''source client''' connects to the '''Icecast server''' on a specified '''mountpoint'''. (a mountpoint can be described as a file on a normal file system)

* '''Listeners''' access the '''mountpoints''' ("files") and can listen to the '''bitstreams''' ("file contents"). (they can connect to these like they would to normal files on a remote server)

* '''Icecast''' offers the bitstream it gets from the source client on a specified mountpoint to all of the mountpoint's listeners in realtime.

Note: you cannot use Icecast with static files (eg. [[Ogg]] or mp3 files), 
it always needs a source client which sends a bitstream!

== Getting Icecast ==

You can download Icecast from [http://icecast.org/download/ icecast.org].

This guide is written for Icecast version '''2.4.1''', but should work with at least every 2.4.x version.

There may be compiled versions on '''Homebrew''' (Mac OS) or '''apt-get''' (Debian, Ubuntu, etc). 
Additionally have a look at [[Icecast Server/Installing latest version (official Xiph repositories)|Installing latest version from the official Xiph repositories]], these are the recommended ways to install Icecast.

Windows users who download and extract the binary package can skip the '''Compiling''' step and continue with '''Configuration'''.

== Compiling ==

Once you have downloaded the source package you want, you have to extract it.

After that you have to use your console and change directory (cd) to your extracted files.

<pre>
$ cd /path/to/icecast-source
</pre>

You then have to run the configuration tool, compile and install it. 
(you may have to install additional dependencies first)

When done, run the following commands to finish the installation:

<pre>
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
</pre>

== Configuration ==

After installing Icecast, you are just one step away from using it! You have to configure it.

Icecast is shipped with a default XML configuration file.

The file can be found on:

* '''Linux''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/etc/icecast2/icecast.xml'''
* '''MacOS''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/usr/local/etc/icecast.xml'''
* '''Windows''' at: '''/path-to-extracted-icecast/etc/icecast.xml'''

You can edit this file and even save it to a different location. 
(you will need its full path to start the server, so remember where you put it)

It is '''strongly''' recommended you edit some fields in this XML file, 
'''especially''' if you plan to run a '''public''' server.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<location>The server's location</location>
<admin>admin@yourdomain.com</admin>
</syntaxhighlight>

You should '''always''' change the passwords from ''hackme'' to something more secure.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<authentication>

<source-password>myfancypassword</source-password>

<relay-password>youshallnotpass</relay-password>


<admin-user>admin</admin-user>
<admin-password>anotherfancypassword</admin-password>
</authentication>
</syntaxhighlight>

If you plan to run a public server and/or a server with [[Yellow Pages]] listing, 
you should change the hostname to one where your server can be accessed from.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">

<hostname>streams.yourdomain.tld</hostname>
</syntaxhighlight>

More advanced topics like relays, Yellow Pages listings, etc. are explained in the following in-depth parts of this guide.

== Starting the server ==

To start your Icecast server, run the following command in your console:

<pre>
$ icecast -c /path/to/icecast.xml
</pre>

If you did everything correctly Icecast should start and listen for connections on the default port.

You can test access to your server by typing [http://127.0.0.1:8000 http://127.0.0.1:8000] into your web browser.

If you see a page which says '''Icecast2 Status''' on top, 
you have done everything right and finished the basic part of this guide!

== What next? ==

If you want in-depth infos, you should look at the following articles.

* If you want to start streaming, have a look at [[IceS/Getting Started]]
* If you want to go deeper into configuring your server, have a look at [[Icecast/Advanced Configuration]]

[[Category:Icecast]]

Icecast Server/Getting Started

2017-06-28T17:07:01Z

EPirat: /* Getting Icecast */

This article describes how to get an [[Icecast]] server up and running.

On this resulting server you can connect with a Source Client, like [[IceS]], and stream music or video to listener clients.

To get started with using Icecast you should first understand how everything works together.

[[File:Flowchart icecast.png|500px|thumb|Graphic showing the flow from source clients through Icecast to listeners. (click image to enlarge)]]

== How it works ==

The graphic shows how Icecast basically works:

* A '''source client''' connects to the '''Icecast server''' on a specified '''mountpoint'''. (a mountpoint can be described as a file on a normal file system)

* '''Listeners''' access the '''mountpoints''' ("files") and can listen to the '''bitstreams''' ("file contents"). (they can connect to these like they would to normal files on a remote server)

* '''Icecast''' offers the bitstream it gets from the source client on a specified mountpoint to all of the mountpoint's listeners in realtime.

Note: you cannot use Icecast with static files (eg. [[Ogg]] or mp3 files), 
it always needs a source client which sends a bitstream!

== Getting Icecast ==

You can download Icecast from [http://icecast.org/download/ icecast.org].

This guide is written for Icecast version '''2.4.1''', but should work with at least every 2.4.x version.

There may be compiled versions on '''Homebrew''' (Mac OS) or '''apt-get''' (Debian, Ubuntu, etc). 
Additionally have a look at [[Installing_latest_version_(official_Xiph_repositories)]], these are the recommended
ways to install Icecast.

Windows users who download and extract the binary package can skip the '''Compiling''' step and continue with '''Configuration'''.

== Compiling ==

Once you have downloaded the source package you want, you have to extract it.

After that you have to use your console and change directory (cd) to your extracted files.

<pre>
$ cd /path/to/icecast-source
</pre>

You then have to run the configuration tool, compile and install it. 
(you may have to install additional dependencies first)

When done, run the following commands to finish the installation:

<pre>
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
</pre>

== Configuration ==

After installing Icecast, you are just one step away from using it! You have to configure it.

Icecast is shipped with a default XML configuration file.

The file can be found on:

* '''Linux''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/etc/icecast2/icecast.xml'''
* '''MacOS''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/usr/local/etc/icecast.xml'''
* '''Windows''' at: '''/path-to-extracted-icecast/etc/icecast.xml'''

You can edit this file and even save it to a different location. 
(you will need its full path to start the server, so remember where you put it)

It is '''strongly''' recommended you edit some fields in this XML file, 
'''especially''' if you plan to run a '''public''' server.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<location>The server's location</location>
<admin>admin@yourdomain.com</admin>
</syntaxhighlight>

You should '''always''' change the passwords from ''hackme'' to something more secure.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<authentication>

<source-password>myfancypassword</source-password>

<relay-password>youshallnotpass</relay-password>


<admin-user>admin</admin-user>
<admin-password>anotherfancypassword</admin-password>
</authentication>
</syntaxhighlight>

If you plan to run a public server and/or a server with [[Yellow Pages]] listing, 
you should change the hostname to one where your server can be accessed from.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">

<hostname>streams.yourdomain.tld</hostname>
</syntaxhighlight>

More advanced topics like relays, Yellow Pages listings, etc. are explained in the following in-depth parts of this guide.

== Starting the server ==

To start your Icecast server, run the following command in your console:

<pre>
$ icecast -c /path/to/icecast.xml
</pre>

If you did everything correctly Icecast should start and listen for connections on the default port.

You can test access to your server by typing [http://127.0.0.1:8000 http://127.0.0.1:8000] into your web browser.

If you see a page which says '''Icecast2 Status''' on top, 
you have done everything right and finished the basic part of this guide!

== What next? ==

If you want in-depth infos, you should look at the following articles.

* If you want to start streaming, have a look at [[IceS/Getting Started]]
* If you want to go deeper into configuring your server, have a look at [[Icecast/Advanced Configuration]]

[[Category:Icecast]]

Icecast Server/Getting Started

2017-06-28T17:06:51Z

EPirat: /* Getting Icecast */

This article describes how to get an [[Icecast]] server up and running.

On this resulting server you can connect with a Source Client, like [[IceS]], and stream music or video to listener clients.

To get started with using Icecast you should first understand how everything works together.

[[File:Flowchart icecast.png|500px|thumb|Graphic showing the flow from source clients through Icecast to listeners. (click image to enlarge)]]

== How it works ==

The graphic shows how Icecast basically works:

* A '''source client''' connects to the '''Icecast server''' on a specified '''mountpoint'''. (a mountpoint can be described as a file on a normal file system)

* '''Listeners''' access the '''mountpoints''' ("files") and can listen to the '''bitstreams''' ("file contents"). (they can connect to these like they would to normal files on a remote server)

* '''Icecast''' offers the bitstream it gets from the source client on a specified mountpoint to all of the mountpoint's listeners in realtime.

Note: you cannot use Icecast with static files (eg. [[Ogg]] or mp3 files), 
it always needs a source client which sends a bitstream!

== Getting Icecast ==

You can download Icecast from [http://icecast.org/download/ icecast.org].

This guide is written for Icecast version '''2.4.1''', but should work with at least every 2.4.x version.

There may be compiled versions on '''Homebrew''' (Mac OS) or '''apt-get''' (Debian, Ubuntu, etc). 
Additionally have a look at [Installing_latest_version_(official_Xiph_repositories)], these are the recommended
ways to install Icecast.

Windows users who download and extract the binary package can skip the '''Compiling''' step and continue with '''Configuration'''.

== Compiling ==

Once you have downloaded the source package you want, you have to extract it.

After that you have to use your console and change directory (cd) to your extracted files.

<pre>
$ cd /path/to/icecast-source
</pre>

You then have to run the configuration tool, compile and install it. 
(you may have to install additional dependencies first)

When done, run the following commands to finish the installation:

<pre>
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
</pre>

== Configuration ==

After installing Icecast, you are just one step away from using it! You have to configure it.

Icecast is shipped with a default XML configuration file.

The file can be found on:

* '''Linux''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/etc/icecast2/icecast.xml'''
* '''MacOS''' at: '''/etc/icecast.xml''' or '''/usr/local/etc/icecast.xml'''
* '''Windows''' at: '''/path-to-extracted-icecast/etc/icecast.xml'''

You can edit this file and even save it to a different location. 
(you will need its full path to start the server, so remember where you put it)

It is '''strongly''' recommended you edit some fields in this XML file, 
'''especially''' if you plan to run a '''public''' server.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<location>The server's location</location>
<admin>admin@yourdomain.com</admin>
</syntaxhighlight>

You should '''always''' change the passwords from ''hackme'' to something more secure.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<authentication>

<source-password>myfancypassword</source-password>

<relay-password>youshallnotpass</relay-password>


<admin-user>admin</admin-user>
<admin-password>anotherfancypassword</admin-password>
</authentication>
</syntaxhighlight>

If you plan to run a public server and/or a server with [[Yellow Pages]] listing, 
you should change the hostname to one where your server can be accessed from.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">

<hostname>streams.yourdomain.tld</hostname>
</syntaxhighlight>

More advanced topics like relays, Yellow Pages listings, etc. are explained in the following in-depth parts of this guide.

== Starting the server ==

To start your Icecast server, run the following command in your console:

<pre>
$ icecast -c /path/to/icecast.xml
</pre>

If you did everything correctly Icecast should start and listen for connections on the default port.

You can test access to your server by typing [http://127.0.0.1:8000 http://127.0.0.1:8000] into your web browser.

If you see a page which says '''Icecast2 Status''' on top, 
you have done everything right and finished the basic part of this guide!

== What next? ==

If you want in-depth infos, you should look at the following articles.

* If you want to start streaming, have a look at [[IceS/Getting Started]]
* If you want to go deeper into configuring your server, have a look at [[Icecast/Advanced Configuration]]

[[Category:Icecast]]

MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist

2017-01-18T17:33:37Z

EPirat: Do not block Youtube links

# External URLs matching this list will be blocked when added to a page.
# This list affects only this wiki; refer also to the global blacklist.
# For documentation see http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:SpamBlacklist
# <pre>
#
# Syntax is as follows:
# * Everything from a "#" character to the end of the line is a comment
# * Every non-blank line is a regex fragment which will only match hosts inside URLs
hotel-discount\.com
paydayloans-trust\.co\.uk
mostrawildt\.com
wikin\.com
infinitycommerce\.co\.uk
senuke-xcr-discount\.com
mooncityz\.com
gcagint\.com
groupcow\.com
synqk\.com
organicdata\.com\.au
cameronmorgan\.co\.uk
singleme\.com
Menuggs\.org
casinosdiary\.com
abercrombieaustralia\.com
weightsbenchtraining\.co\.uk
thedegreeexperts\.com
xtremeonline\.com\.au
xstretchmarks\.com
\.casinobonus24\.com
\.mydietarea\.com
\.swiftmoney\.org\.uk
\.bringexbackblog\.com
registry-repair-tools\.net
automobile-insurance\.com
bestentrypoint\.com
banansearch\.com
\.pavtube\.com
\.videos-phone\.net
\.chatixdating\.com
\.teensay\.com
\.cheappoolproducts\.com
\.lease-a-seo\.com
\.totalscreenrecorder\.com
\.mychristianheels\.com
\.mbtshoesupply\.com
\.healthmuscle\.com
\.official-canadian-pharmacy\.org
\.customessaywritinghelp\.com
\.boostbrand\.org
\.promoteland\.com
\.uk-dissertation\.com
\b1000cores\.com
\b100anosgalo\.blogspot\.com
\b100cal\.ex-br\.com
\b100diasdesandero\.blogspot\.com
\b11onze\.com
\b123imoveis\.com\.br
\b123people\.it
\b13studiohost\.com
\b1clique\.blogspot\.com
\b2hand\.googet\.eu
\b2jump2\.com
\b4shared\.com
\b4shared\.com\/file
\b55chan\.org
\b91rock\.com\.br
\baapaaa\.blogspot\.com
\babctorre\.xpg\.com\.br
\babdieldamon\.wordpress\.com
\baberturas-de-novelas\.blogspot\.com
\babreloja\.com
\babrolhos\.net
\bacademiadovinho\.com\.br
\bacademiagraciebutanta\.com\.br/
\bacademiarafaelleitao\.blogspot\.com
\bacaminhodaonde\.blogspot\.com
\bacao-humana\.blogspot\.com
\bacheibr\.com
\bacidosnucleicos\.110mb\.com
\badhentai\.blogspot\.com
\badministracaoegestao\.com\.br
\badororomances\.com
\baevolut\.com
\bafazenda\.blogger\.com\.br
\bafricanamericantravelagency\.com
\bafricarte\.it
\bag4\.com\.br
\bageanbrasil\.com\.br
\bagenciaar\.com\.br
\bagenciasolo\.com\.br
\bagenciaspin\.com
\bagoravale\.com
\bagoravale\.com\.br
\bagoravale\.net
\bagoravale\.org
\bagribusinessNews\.com
\bagrogemeos\.com\.br
\bagruta\.com\.br
\baguasemendadas\.com
\bahsforum\.com
\baideialibertaria\.blogspot\.com
\bairsoftbrasil\.com
\balabrasil\.com
\balbacete\.com\.br
\balemanja\.org
\balephradiestesia\.com\.br
\balexandre\.eletrica\.ufu\.br
\balgumapoesia\.com\.br
\balimentacaosaudavel\.net
\baliviodaalma\.com\.br
\ballcenter\.com\.br
\ballservice\.cnt\.br
\ballsexhub\.com
\balojamentos-online\.com
\balojamiento\.cl
\baltamiroborges\.blogspot\.com
\balternativamedicina\.com
\balvinhopatriota\.com\.br
\bamanda-rossi\.blogspot\.com
\bamazon\.ca
\bamazon\.co\.jp
\bamazon\.co\.uk
\bamazon\.com\/gp\/product
\bamazon\.de
\bamazon\.fr
\bambienteinteiro\.org\.br
\bamericanas\.com\.br\/AcomProd
\bamericanas\.com\.br\/cgi\-bin
\bamericanas\.com\.br\/cgi-bin
\bamericanas\.com\.br\/prod
\bamigo\.kit\.net
\bamigoskids\.blogspot\.com
\bamilcorretora\.com\.br
\bamoisatkmaisnick\.blogspot\.com
\bamoresexogratis\.com
\bamostrasgratis\.org
\ban\.locaweb\.com\.br\/Webindependente
\banalistati\.com
\banamacedoescritora\.blogs\.sapo\.pt
\bandreabrasilmadrid\.es
\bandremafei\.com
\bandrologia\.cjb\.net
\bangelfire\.com\/dc/evangelhoespirita
\banimavita\.com\.br
\banimetnt\.com\.br
\banmtv\.com\.br
\bannamarya\.com\.br
\banticensura\.blogspot\.com
\banunciautos\.com\.br
\banunciosgv\.com
\bapagaodatelefonica\.vai\.la
\bapfertilidade\.org
\bapi\.ning\.com
\bappartamentiischia\.it
\bappliedwingchun\.com\.br
\barabesq\.com\.br
\barabian\.vila\.bol\.com\.br
\barabian\.vilabol\.com\.br
\barabians\.vila\.bol\.com\.br
\barabians\.vilabol\.com\.br
\baracaju-se\.com\.br
\barcondicionado-split\.com
\barenatibia\.com
\bargentina\.ar
\bargentinatolet\.com
\bargentinawinetours\.com
\bargentour\.com
\bargilaviva\.blogspot\.com
\barqueologiaegipcia\.zip\.net
\barquitectura\-sustentavel\.blogspot\.com
\barquitectura-sustentavel\.blogspot\.com
\barquivosbt\.blogspot\.com
\barroxe\.net
\bartbr\.com\.br
\bartedb\.com\.br
\bartenet\.com\.br
\bartesmarciaishoje\.blogspot\.com
\barthonline\.com\.br\/clouds/
\barts\.lojadeluxo\.com
\bas\-chiquititas\.blogspot\.com
\basdf\.com\.br
\basenergiasrenovaveis\.blogspot\.com
\basonrisanordica\.com
\basterdomus\.com\.br
\bastore\.amazon\.com
\bathoscompanny\.com\.br
\batitlan\.net
\batividadesfisicas\.com\.br
\batmaneditora\.com\.br
\batortonycorreia\.bloguepessoal\.com
\baudiencia\.zip\.net
\baudienciabrasileiradetv.wordpress.com
\baudienciadatv\.wordpress\.com
\baudienciadetv\.blogspot\.com
\baudienciaemdestaque\.blogspot\.com
\baudiolivro\.net\.br
\baulalamontera\.com
\baustria-travel\.biz
\bautolatinaclube\.cjb\.net
\bautosp\.com\.br
\bavengedsevenfold\-portugal\.blogspot\.com
\baverdadesobreagnosis\.com\.br
\bavrilbandaids\.com\/forums
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\bsocarnavaldepoa\.webs\.com
\bsociedadedosblogueiros\.blogspot\.com
\bsocomedia\.oipapai\.com\.br
\bsoevami\.blogspot\.com
\bsofatv\.net
\bsoftfacil\.net
\bsofttoys\.com\.br
\bsolabm\.com\.br
\bsoletrando\.com\.br
\bsolucoesageis\.com\.br
\bsomenoise\.com\.br
\bsomudancasmg\.com\.br
\bsoprodoator\.com
\bsosdividas\.com\.br
\bsoteropolitanosculturaafro\.wordpress\.com
\bsouthernhides\.com\.ar
\bsouturista\.com\.br
\bspacejovem\.com
\bspeedbrazil\.blogspot\.com
\bspeedhost\.com\.br
\bspellrpg\.com\.br
\bspirituc\.com
\bsportdigital\.net
\bsportingapoio\.com
\bspringer\.com\.br
\bspvilas\.com\.br
\bstadiumzone\.net
\bstalloneforever\.blogspot\.com
\bstamadvies\.nl
\bstarmedica\.blogspot\.com
\bstartrekbrasil\.com\.br
\bstatisticum\.org
\bstatuscompany\.com\.br
\bsteinerimoveis\.com\.br
\bstelling\.cc
\bstifler\.com\.br
\bstreetdogstudio\.com
\bstudiopreview\.com\.br
\bstyleua\.com
\bsuamente\.com\.br
\bsuamenteseuguia\.blog\.com
\bsubcor\.multiply\.com
\bsubxtreme\.net
\bsudoku\.mundopt\.com
\bsudokunine\.com
\bsuperblog93\.blogspot\.com
\bsuper-congresso\.com\.br
\bsupergrana\.com
\bsupermemoria\.com\.br
\bsupernatural\-fans\.tk
\bsuper-nutricao\.com\.br
\bsuprasolucoes\.com
\bsuprasolucoes\.com\/redireciona\.asp
\bsurfa\.com\.br\/blog\/2010\/08\/rj-arpoador
\btag\.com\.pt
\btaginvest\.com\.br
\btaichibrasileiro\.blogspot\.com
\btaichipailin\.com\.br
\btalentmanager\.pt
\btalk\.livedaily\.com
\btaoismo\.org
\btargetw\.com
\btarzia-tattoo\.com
\btatianavianna\.com\.br/
\btechseg\.com
\btechtuga\.net
\btecmais\.com
\btecnopt\.com
\btek\.sapo\.pt
\btekoha\.org
\btelecestas\.com\.br
\bteleco\.com\.br
\btelenovelasbr\.blogspot\.com
\btelevisionado\.wordpress\.com
\btelevisionnews\.wordpress\.com
\btemplodeapolo\.net
\bteobaldobs\.blogspot\.com
\bterminologia\.com\.br
\bterraforum\.com\.br
\bTerrasdaMantiqueira\.com
\btertdow\.blogspot\.com
\btestdriveonline\.com\.br
\bteusite\.net
\btevenoticias\.wordpress\.com
\btheazoresislands\.blogspot\.com
\bthebestthingscomeinthree\.pt\.vu/
\bthe-englishstudio\.com\.br
\bthemaozoleum\.com
\bthinkball\.com\.br
\bthinkfn\.com
\bthinkfnwiki\.com
\bthinnetworks\.com\.br
\bthumblogger\.com
\bthundersuplementos\.com\.br
\btibbisuluk\.com
\btintazul\.com\.pt
\btinypic\.com
\btiopatinhas\.1br\.net
\btiplan\.com\.br
\btodocanal\.wordpress\.com
\btokiohotel\.com\.br
\btokiohotelbrasil\.com
\btokufriends\.com
\btonycorreia\.com\.br
\btoolssites\.com\.br
\btop100equestrian\.com
\btopsexywomen\.com
\btorrentsparabaixar\.blogspot\.com
\btotalmentecharmed\.spaceblog\.com\.br
\btownbridgecom\.com
\btrabalhoescolares\.blogspot\.com
\btraditionalvalues\.org
\btraditionalvalues\.org\/urban\/nine\.php
\btraineemeup\.blogspot\.com
\btransformatec\.com\.br
\btravian\.(?:pt|com\.br)/\?uc=
\btribodatrilha\.com
\btrilhadoslobos\.com\.br
\btrombeteiro\.com
\btudo-sobre-a-tv\.blogs\.sapo\.pt
\btudosobrecdc\.blogspot\.com
\btudosobrecharmed\.blogspot\.com
\btudosobreufologia2010\.blogspot\/.com
\btudotemos\.com\.br
\btunigup.rg3\.net
\bturismobahia\.com\.br
\bturismoholambra\.com\.br
\bturismonovale\.com
\bturismonovale\.com\.br
\btvaqui\.com\.br
\btvbrasilaudiencia\.zip\.net
\btvcontacto\.wordpress\.com
\btvdigitalnopc\.com
\btvfoco\.com\.br
\btvlivre\.org
\btvmundo\.wordpress\.com
\btvtuga\.tv
\btwitter\.com\/analistati
\btwitter\.com\/vini_rio
\btwitter\.com\/weloveisatkmas
\btwitterbrasil\.org
\bucrania\-mozambique\.blogspot\.com
\bufotvonline\.com\.br
\buhdtv\.com\.br
\bultimatesonic\.wordpress\.com
\bumbanda\.blogs\.sapo\.pt
\buniagua\.org.\br
\buniblog\.com\.br
\bunitedphotopress\.com
\buniversalistas\.blogspot\.com
\buniversalposterz\.com
\buniversoanyeviny\.com\.br
\buniversoben10\.blogspot\.com
\buo\.com\.br
\buppw\.org
\burbanawebsite\.com\.br
\burban-rivals\.com/\?sponsor=
\busercash\.com/\?r=
\buvaonline\.uva\.br
\bvagalume\.uol\.com\.br
\bvagasti\.v10\.com
\bvalegastronomia\.com
\bvalegastronomia\.com\.br
\bvalegastronomia\.net
\bvalegastronomia\.org
\bvalinor\.com\.br\/forum\/
\bvalinor\.com\.br\/viewtopic\.php\?
\bvejalourdes\.com\.br
\bveleirodingue\.freeboat.\com\.br
\bvendasnaweb\.com\.br
\bventurosanet\.com
\bveredaestreita\.org
\bveredaestreita\.org\/2008/
\bveredasbrasil\.com\.br
\bviagemlegal\.com
\bviagensbariloche\.com\.br
\bviagens-belgica\.info
\bviagensdubai\.com\.br
\bviagens-grecia\.info
\bviagens-noruega\.info
\bviagens-republica-checa\.info
\bviaiguassu\.com
\bviajarapuntadeleste\.com\.ar
\bviajoporargentina\.com
\bviciodeviajar\.blogspot\.com
\bvidavaitorta\.blogspot\.com
\bvideo\.google\.com\/videoplay\?
\bvideocliper\.com
\bvideolog\.tv
\bvideolog\.uol\.com\.br
\bvideos\.etc\.br
\bvideosmusica\.tv
\bvidyayoga\.org
\bvilacriativa\.com\.br
\bvilanovenseblog\.blogspot\.com
\bvimeo\.com
\bvini.rio\.vila\.bol\.com\.br
\bvini.rio\.vilabol\.com\.br
\bvirouviral\.com
\bvisitasonline\.com
\bvisitearacaju\.com\.br
\bvisitepontagrossa\.com\.br
\bvisitesaopaulo\.com
\bvisualmedia\.com\.br
\bvitoriagrande\.com
\bvitorsousaalbufeira\.blogspot\.com
\bvitrinepublicitaria\.net
\bvjez\.com
\bvoceselembra\.blogspot\.com
\bvoipbra\.com\.br
\bvolta\.mirc\.vilabol\.uol\.com\.br
\bvoltamirc\.co\.nr
\bvoltamirc\.rg3\.net
\bvoltamirc\.web44\.net
\bvoos-info\.com
\bwallpapers\.regeneration\.com\.br
\bwaoIndia\.com
\bwarriors-of-wrestling\.blogspot\.com
\bwata-eh-legal\.blogspot\.com
\bwaysforus\.org
\bwebcaldas\.com\.br
\bwebcarcenter\.com\.br
\bwebcolinas\.com
\bwebimoveisnointerior\.com\.br
\bwebland\.ppg\.br
\bwebmap\.in
\bwebmove\.com\.br
\bwebng\.com\/itatiaia
\bwebsoccerclub\.com
\bwebtemplarios\.forumup\.com
\bweshow\.com
\bwicca-ipatinga\.blogspot\.com
\bwikipedia\.artudi\.org
\bwikipediaqueixas\.blogspot\.com
\bwikisus\.net
\bwindowsvistadicasemgeral\.com
\bwordpress-genial\.com
\bworld7\.monstersgame\.com\.pt
\bworldcruises1\.blogspot.\com
\bworldpressphoto\.nl
\bwurdulaks\.blogspot\.com
\bwwwrichardgoterra\.blogspot\.com
\bx-dsg\.com
\bx-flog\.com\.br
\bxgamesnet\.blogspot\.com
\bxgoogle\.com\.br/blog\/2008\/04\/26\/download-de-psych
\bxn--musculao-xza3b\.com
\bXoppi\.com
\by2kdesign\.com
\byenidizayn\.com
\byogaclick\.com\.br
\byogavaidika\.com
\byoungandhealthy\.ca
\byoupiee\.com\.br
\byouporn\.com
\bz10.invisionfree\.com
\bz6\.invisionfree\.com
\bzamarian\.com\.br
\bzanottofederal1555\.com\.br/
\bzapbox\.com\.br
\bzapenglish\.com
\bziggi\.com\.br\/downloads
\bzoonadocelular\.com
\bzoonose\.com\.br
\bzymboo\.com
\.myjerseys\.org
\.weddingdressebay\.com
#</pre>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2016-10-21T20:35:45Z

EPirat:

= Headline 1 =
This is just some example text!<ref>Hey, great, footnotes!</ref>
== Headline 2 ==
=== Headline 3 ===
=== Headline 4 ===
{| border=2 cellpadding=10
|+ '''Table test'''
| x || 'One' || ''Two2'' || '''Three'''
|-
! what is this
| 'yes'
| ''no''
! maybe
FooBar
|-
!
{| border=1 cellpadding =2
|+ for you
| a
| b
| c
|-
| d || e|| f
|}
| 1 || 2 || 3
|}

This is a good test

== Headline 5 ==

* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 3

LoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Very important edit to just test the bot!

== Headline 2 ==
Good goodess, don't you hate wiki spam?

External link: [[http://google.com This is an external link]]

Link to PortablePlayers page:[[PortablePlayers]]

Using different value for the link text: [[PortablePlayers|link to page PortablePlayers]]

Link to [[DummyApps]] sandbox

== Headline 3 ==
It seems that [[Talk:Sandbox]] is the canonical way to link to [[Talk:Sandbox|Talk]].

Fun with tables and templates.
{{PlayersTableHeader|ManufacturerLink=iAudio}}
{{PlayersTableBody|Model=G3|MemType=Flash (builtin)
|MemSize=256MB, 512MB, 1GB
|UMS=Yes
|NeedUpd=NA
|Power=AA battery
|LineIn=Yes
|Mic=Yes
|Radio=Yes
|Formats= MP3, MP2, Ogg, WMA, ASF and WAV
|Comments= Very white, available from online retailers in UK
}}
{{PlayersTableFooter}}

== Subpages? ==
[[Sandbox/Subpage]]

== Definition List? ==

<dl>
<dt>Dweeb
<dd>young excitable person who may mature
into a Nerd or Geek

<dt>Hacker
<dd>a clever programmer
<dt>Nerd
<dd>technically bright but socially inept person
</dl>

== Code? ==

<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$foo = "bar";
?>
</syntaxhighlight>

Yay, highlighted!

== Notes ==
<references />

Test edit.

== Math test ==

<math>E=mc^4 + 5</math>

XiphWiki:Sandbox

2016-10-21T20:02:51Z

EPirat:

Template:Infobox Server

2016-06-23T13:07:47Z

EPirat:

<table cellspacing="5" class="toccolours toptextcells" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left; width:21em; float:right;">
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="font-size:105%; text-align:center; background-color: #b3b7ff;">{{{title}}}</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Maintainer(s)</td>
<td>{{{maintainer}}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Host</td>
<td>{{{host}}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IPs</td>
<td>{{{ips}}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Service(s)</td>
<td>{{{service}}}</td>
</tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">
{{{url}}}
</td>
</table>

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Stub

2016-06-23T13:06:20Z

EPirat:

<includeonly>[[Category:Stub]]</includeonly>
{| cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; border:1px solid #cccccc; background-color:#f9f9f9;width:100%"
||''This section is a stub. You can help by [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]''.
|}
<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]]</noinclude >

Template:Stub

2016-06-23T13:05:17Z

EPirat:

Template:Draft

2016-06-23T12:58:22Z

EPirat:

<noinclude>
== Usecase ==
This template should be used to mark pages that are about new/experimental and non-final Xiph Codecs or specifications

This automatically adds the Drafts Category to the Page.

== Preview ==
</noinclude>
<div name="Draft notice" class="boilerplate metadata" style="background-color: #fee; margin: 0 1em; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa;">
'''The following is a draft!'''

It is at best incomplete and at worst completely broken. In any case, it is not an “official” Xiph spec or codec, so use with care.
</div>

<includeonly>[[Category:Drafts]]</includeonly>
<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]]</noinclude>

Template:IcecastThirdParty

2016-06-23T12:56:58Z

EPirat:

<noinclude>
== Usecase ==
This template should be used to mark pages that explain usage of third party software, for example, how to set up source clients for usage with Icecast that are not maintained by the Icecast Project

This automatically adds the Icecast Category to the Page!

== Preview ==
</noinclude>
<div name="Third party notice" class="boilerplate metadata" style="background-color: #eef0bd; margin: 0 1em; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa;">
This page is about 3rd-party software, for which Xiph.Org does not provide any support.
</div>
<includeonly>[[Category:Icecast]]</includeonly>
<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Draft

2016-06-23T12:53:47Z

EPirat:

<div name="Draft notice" class="boilerplate metadata" style="background-color: #fee; margin: 0 1em; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa;">
'''The following is a draft!'''

It is at best incomplete and at worst completely broken. In any case, it is not an “official” Xiph spec or codec, so use with care.
</div>

<includeonly>[[Category:Drafts]]</includeonly>
<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]]</noinclude>

Template:IcecastThirdParty

2016-06-23T12:51:41Z

EPirat:

<div name="Third party notice" class="boilerplate metadata" style="background-color: #eef0bd; margin: 0 1em; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa;">
This page is about 3rd-party software, for which Xiph.Org does not provide any support.
</div>
<includeonly>[[Category:Icecast]]</includeonly>
<noinclude>This template should be used to mark pages that explain usage of third party software, for example, how to set up source clients for usage with Icecast that are not maintained by the Icecast Project

This automatically adds the Icecast Category to the Page!
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:IcecastThirdParty

2016-06-23T12:50:10Z

EPirat:

<div style="background-color:#EEF0BD; padding: 5px 0 5px 0; border:1px solid #ccc;">This page is about 3rd-party software, for which Xiph.Org does not provide any support.</div>
<includeonly>[[Category:Icecast]]</includeonly>
<noinclude>This template should be used to mark pages that explain usage of third party software, for example, how to set up source clients for usage with Icecast that are not maintained by the Icecast Project

This automatically adds the Icecast Category to the Page!
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:IcecastThirdParty

2016-06-23T12:48:17Z

EPirat:

<div style="background-color:#EEF0BD; padding: 5px 0 5px 0; text-align:center;">This page is about 3rd-party software, for which Xiph.Org does not provide any support.</div>
<includeonly>[[Category:Icecast]]</includeonly>
<noinclude>This template should be used to mark pages that explain usage of third party software, for example, how to set up source clients for usage with Icecast that are not maintained by the Icecast Project

This automatically adds the Icecast Category to the Page!
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:IcecastThirdParty

2016-06-23T12:48:09Z

EPirat:

Icebreaker

2016-06-23T12:47:16Z

EPirat:

{{historical}}

== Introduction ==
Icebreaker is a playlist authoring/scheduling system for Icecast. It uses a database to store playlists and scheduling data. Icebreaker's main objective is to be easy to use, so that writing playlists by hand can be avoided. Icebreaker is being designed to use a web-based interface through TurboGears. Icebreaker is _NOT_ a web-based streamer or a client.

== Subversion ==
https://trac.xiph.org/browser/trunk/icebreaker

== Plans ==

My plans are as follows:

# Written in Python.
# Metadata in database.
# Playlists stored in database.
# Playlist scheduling.
# Backend/frontend design, possibly multible frontends.
# No web server needed, interface comes from TurboGears.
# Minimal configuration, after all thats why I started the project.
# SQLObject will be used to work with any database.

== Design ==

see [[Icebreaker::Design]]

== User Wanted Features ==

see [[Icebreaker::UserWantedFeatures]]

== Worklog ==

see [[Icebreaker::Worklog]]

== Application ==

I run a Icecast stream for the use of myself and my friends, and while making playlists for it, I was very overcome by the enormity of the task. I have a modest Vorbis collection by some standards, 2500 tracks. I pity anyone that has ever tried to make playlists for a large streaming site with who knows how many tracks. What's more, I can't be bothered to switch playlists out all the time. So the natural progression seemed to be a simple drag-and-drop interface to create and schedule playlists.

I plan to use a separate backend from the web interface, so that a X-based frontend could be added eventually, or support could be added in an existing media application. SQLObject will be used to provide support for multiple databases with one set of code. I will try to minimize configuration to media path, and database connections, and password for the interface.

I have some code written, a script that populates a database, and a script that will be called by Ices and Icecast that provides the next track to play. I wish to include searching/adding media to a playlist based on metadata, as the populate.py script parses Ogg tags and adds them to the database.

The frontend will be based off of TurboGears (http://www.turbogears.org) and could be packaged as a python egg, separately or included with the source for the backend. In the event that no playlist is scheduled, there will be a random playlist that will be automatically generated. Future plans are to integrate with Google Calendar, to display to any users which playlists will be scheduled. Another of my plans is to research integration with Icecast, to add support for controlling it. I've been thinking about this project and planning it since December, and I am extremely excited.

The main focus of this project is ease, and I will facilitate use in these ways:

1. Simple Interface, very self-explanatory. 
2. Minimal configuration. No web server needed, no PHP, extremely easy to get up and running. (Possibly) a few Python Libraries to install. One short configuration file. However, Ices will need to be configured to accept input from a script. 
3. Database agnostic. If no database server is installed, SQLite will work perfectly in it's stead. 

My goals in this project are not overly ambitious, and will contribute greatly to media enthusiasts like myself. I have set up a project page on Google Code (http://code.google.com/p/icebreaker/). I have not released any code because the code is not usable by anyone other than myself for the initial development. Soon I will add the code I have completed to the project page after adding database support to the Ices-callable script. I realize this description is very short in comparison to the 7500 character limit, but a few details are currently "up in the air". Namely, how I will handle scheduling and whether or not I will daemonize the backend. I have several ideas on how to handle the internals, but it's too early to tell how it will work. Very soon I plan on doing a few flowcharts to illustrate the architecture of the project, and the various ways it may manifest.

I plan on having this application feature complete about 75% through the summer, as I am already greatly obsessed with it and am only abstaining from the project to focus on my schoolwork. I have the entire summer to work on this project if it is accepted and will spend at least 30 hours a week on it. Almost everything I code is media-oriented. I usually write converter scripts in python or bash to manipulate files. I am most comfortable in Python and I have done a little work in C. I also took a course in VB.net and hated every minute of it. I dont think of myself as a programmer, but I greatly enjoy making things and enjoying the outcome of my labor.

Though I wont contribute specifically to any one of your projects in code, I feel that my project will enhance other xiph projects.

[[Category:Icebreaker]]